AAA0RGp1bWIAAAAeanVtZGMycGEAEQAQgAAAqgA4m3EDYzJwYQAAADQeanVtYgAAAEdqdW1kYzJtYQARABCAAACqADibcQN1cm46dXVpZDplZTViOTZjOS01NGZjLTRiNzgtYWU0Yy05MmM1N2U0ZGQwY2EAAAABtGp1bWIAAAApanVtZGMyYXMAEQAQgAAAqgA4m3EDYzJwYS5hc3NlcnRpb25zAAAAANdqdW1iAAAAJmp1bWRjYm9yABEAEIAAAKoAOJtxA2MycGEuYWN0aW9ucwAAAACpY2JvcqFnYWN0aW9uc4GjZmFjdGlvbmtjMnBhLmVkaXRlZG1zb2Z0d2FyZUFnZW50bUFkb2JlIEZpcmVmbHlxZGlnaXRhbFNvdXJjZVR5cGV4U2h0dHA6Ly9jdi5pcHRjLm9yZy9uZXdzY29kZXMvZGlnaXRhbHNvdXJjZXR5cGUvY29tcG9zaXRlV2l0aFRyYWluZWRBbGdvcml0aG1pY01lZGlhAAAArGp1bWIAAAAoanVtZGNib3IAEQAQgAAAqgA4m3EDYzJwYS5oYXNoLmRhdGEAAAAAfGNib3KlamV4Y2x1c2lvbnOBomVzdGFydBi4Zmxlbmd0aBlFsGRuYW1lbmp1bWJmIG1hbmlmZXN0Y2FsZ2ZzaGEyNTZkaGFzaFgglTbl7cV9U3nkP/UkdiCXMVEtvr/hQebPYhe+OR8JgCNjcGFkSQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgtqdW1iAAAAJGp1bWRjMmNsABEAEIAAAKoAOJtxA2MycGEuY2xhaW0AAAAB32Nib3KoaGRjOnRpdGxlb0dlbmVyYXRlZCBJbWFnZWlkYzpmb3JtYXRtaW1hZ2Uvc3ZnK3htbGppbnN0YW5jZUlEeCx4bXA6aWlkOmI0NWVhOGUxLWQ0ZTUtNDBlMC05MmM3LTNjMmM4NjVhNDkyYm9jbGFpbV9nZW5lcmF0b3J4NkFkb2JlX0lsbHVzdHJhdG9yLzI5LjIgYWRvYmVfYzJwYS8wLjcuNiBjMnBhLXJzLzAuMjUuMnRjbGFpbV9nZW5lcmF0b3JfaW5mb4G/ZG5hbWVxQWRvYmUgSWxsdXN0cmF0b3JndmVyc2lvbmQyOS4y/2lzaWduYXR1cmV4GXNlbGYjanVtYmY9YzJwYS5zaWduYXR1cmVqYXNzZXJ0aW9uc4KiY3VybHgnc2VsZiNqdW1iZj1jMnBhLmFzc2VydGlvbnMvYzJwYS5hY3Rpb25zZGhhc2hYIEppwb3/qN5BMHi+JO3M+DE6wdFklTRWcaANawazN9SvomN1cmx4KXNlbGYjanVtYmY9YzJwYS5hc3NlcnRpb25zL2MycGEuaGFzaC5kYXRhZGhhc2hYIHGbGe5pFpU6I44CU/del0CVVZefYvaiuwXhxW8UAqO2Y2FsZ2ZzaGEyNTYAADAQanVtYgAAAChqdW1kYzJjcwARABCAAACqADibcQNjMnBhLnNpZ25hdHVyZQAAAC/gY2JvctKEWQzvogE4JBghglkGPTCCBjkwggQhoAMCAQICEBWN/yesI9K4JUtOYzceHZ4wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwdTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxIzAhBgNVBAoTGkFkb2JlIFN5c3RlbXMgSW5jb3Jwb3JhdGVkMR0wGwYDVQQLExRBZG9iZSBUcnVzdCBTZXJ2aWNlczEiMCAGA1UEAxMZQWRvYmUgUHJvZHVjdCBTZXJ2aWNlcyBHMzAeFw0yNDEwMTUwMDAwMDBaFw0yNTEwMTUyMzU5NTlaMIGrMRMwEQYDVQQDDApBZG9iZSBDMlBBMSgwJgYDVQQLDB9Db250ZW50IEF1dGhlbnRpY2l0eSBJbml0aWF0aXZlMRMwEQYDVQQKDApBZG9iZSBJbmMuMREwDwYDVQQHDAhTYW4gSm9zZTETMBEGA1UECAwKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxIDAeBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWEWNhaS1vcHNAYWRvYmUuY29tMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAwxDBgdB9PXLpMXPw5oNgYkFWDPP1aSfth9TZPINOtOQlhp1v4h+hMxZWFjkZ3RJRuoSBrsSSYBaEfiDMKisi/sOxuFHKBV//l1rv3SrjrixANXIlqjGdIYydaMaFa/5ovFz/m4+SUz0ccYzqw+vSAzuRySGnpgm8Gmj+SEJcL/GIHzqU9bUy3NsizY2oY28yj32rbkOqeADSM51OqIJKloEBFFexzMunzpU+K2sLqheoR8FJMaR0fGXa/gqRzhkiBFhwUhLPS9s6+TCnz09UZMlXbdG/iFKj3UPFUDjqh0wtFgcz24DrUlaWeiltKHouymBHuirzvmOG0VtSPepxOQIDAQABo4IBjDCCAYgwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCB4AwHgYDVR0lBBcwFQYJKoZIhvcvAQEMBggrBgEFBQcDBDCBjgYDVR0gBIGGMIGDMIGABgkqhkiG9y8BAgMwczBxBggrBgEFBQcCAjBlDGNZb3UgYXJlIG5vdCBwZXJtaXR0ZWQgdG8gdXNlIHRoaXMgTGljZW5zZSBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSBleGNlcHQgYXMgcGVybWl0dGVkIGJ5IHRoZSBsaWNlbnNlIGFncmVlbWVudC4wXQYDVR0fBFYwVDBSoFCgToZMaHR0cDovL3BraS1jcmwuc3ltYXV0aC5jb20vY2FfN2E1YzNhMGM3MzExNzQwNmFkZDE5MzEyYmMxYmMyM2YvTGF0ZXN0Q1JMLmNybDA3BggrBgEFBQcBAQQrMCkwJwYIKwYBBQUHMAGGG2h0dHA6Ly9wa2ktb2NzcC5zeW1hdXRoLmNvbTAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBRXKXoyTcz+5DVOwB8kc85zU6vfajANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAgEAqrl6FLQ+c9LYaf0igyTgErNL9XmmieiT3ohKFevJ3BN7kWkZD1znbVw3XnX5tgQaKq+AiSCldNxYEKqU+Rq9Lr26GGglBSA0s/Ds2kw+2LlnTmojAHCH3CvVRbhGHHrashmnfgwmF1TSkaWk7NxEhbt9wQoiEMkLSQeM4S4Cu+176FzEdy+zzkDkRWqeSOQO/qG2WRto/vIq30ECf6v6FtazJI1CWIqhBK5oJioSNbLsCVJhar3Uca9D11ujeZW4k2jPCsnzriTmFqVftd3k2SXUQg7wQcQcXfKBItWZt8ztn0IYoZzJa1x9l9dvXKAJvNsDoz4uDerS8z9rzLsEQvzL1yPbTp4+/6mTTAWsoaDtmkZgm3X+sffPX3XzMFmfzIHiYfUja5nKK2bs4P71tit/1U/FD2xdlpzZSupRqCMGz+UTeXI8IrN5ZR/+F8rSsmRAStjnggz/wDucwcDlJbY4/RKq3BrAi4LamLMIfwo/dbL55TDlIOd7HCfmSgabc1WO0Kji3LW/VZnP9VG8WiUG+WqtN1OQIAZmFUOWdXQGLag+I1OaZ1BXJDNsJiXcg2TGNBSEPo44Akfn9MzFGKyB5UurMN4NH0qlamhrhKiV0+b73Fjx330P/frxBmzx5NpAQhNKksx+F4z1S8Ay1o2TBIkkeAFbDzy8f/FxuytZBqUwggahMIIEiaADAgECAhAMqLZUe4nm0gaJdc2Lm4niMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGwxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMSMwIQYDVQQKExpBZG9iZSBTeXN0ZW1zIEluY29ycG9yYXRlZDEdMBsGA1UECxMUQWRvYmUgVHJ1c3QgU2VydmljZXMxGTAXBgNVBAMTEEFkb2JlIFJvb3QgQ0EgRzIwHhcNMTYxMTI5MDAwMDAwWhcNNDExMTI4MjM1OTU5WjB1MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEjMCEGA1UEChMaQWRvYmUgU3lzdGVtcyBJbmNvcnBvcmF0ZWQxHTAbBgNVBAsTFEFkb2JlIFRydXN0IFNlcnZpY2VzMSIwIAYDVQQDExlBZG9iZSBQcm9kdWN0IFNlcnZpY2VzIEczMIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAtx8uvb0Js1xIbP4Mg65sAepReCWkgD6Jp7GyiGTa9ol2gfn5HfOV/HiYjZiOz+TuHFU+DXNad86xEqgVeGVMlvIHGe/EHcKBxvEDXdlTXB5zIEkfl0/SGn7J6vTX8MNybfSi95eQDUOZ9fjCaq+PBFjS5ZfeNmzi/yR+MsA0jKKoWarSRCFFFBpUFQWfAgLyXOyxOnXQOQudjxNj6Wu0X0IB13+IH11WcKcWEWXM4j4jh6hLy29Cd3EoVG3oxcVenMF/EMgD2tXjx4NUbTNB1/g9+MR6Nw5Mhp5k/g3atNExAxhtugC+T3SDShSEJfs2quiiRUHtX3RhOcK1s1OJgT5s2s9xGy5/uxVpcAIaK2KiDJXW3xxN8nXPmk1NSVu/mxtfapr4TvSJbhrU7UA3qhQY9n4On2sbH1X1Tw+7LTek8KCA5ZDghOERPiIp/Jt893qov1bE5rJkagcVg0Wqjh89NhCaBA8VyRt3ovlGyCKdNV2UL3bn5vdFsTk7qqmp9makz1/SuVXYxIf6L6+8RXOatXWaPkmucuLE1TPOeP7S1N5JToFCs80l2D2EtxoQXGCR48K/cTUR5zV/fQ+hdIOzoo0nFn77Y8Ydd2k7/x9BE78pmoeMnw6VXYfXCuWEgj6p7jpbLoxQMoWMCVzlg72WVNhJFlSw4aD8fc6ezeECAwEAAaOCATQwggEwMBIGA1UdEwEB/wQIMAYBAf8CAQAwNQYDVR0fBC4wLDAqoCigJoYkaHR0cDovL2NybC5hZG9iZS5jb20vYWRvYmVyb290ZzIuY3JsMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAUBgNVHSUEDTALBgkqhkiG9y8BAQcwVwYDVR0gBFAwTjBMBgkqhkiG9y8BAgMwPzA9BggrBgEFBQcCARYxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWRvYmUuY29tL21pc2MvcGtpL3Byb2Rfc3ZjZV9jcHMuaHRtbDAkBgNVHREEHTAbpBkwFzEVMBMGA1UEAxMMU1lNQy00MDk2LTMzMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRXKXoyTcz+5DVOwB8kc85zU6vfajAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBSmHOFtVCRMqI9Icr9uqYzV5Owx1DANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAgEAcc7lB4ym3C3cyOA7ZV4AkoGV65UgJK+faThdyXzxuNqlTQBlOyXBGFyevlm33BsGO1mDJfozuyLyT2+7IVxWFvW5yYMV+5S1NeChMXIZnCzWNXnuiIQSdmPD82TEVCkneQpFET4NDwSxo8/ykfw6Hx8fhuKz0wjhjkWMXmK3dNZXIuYVcbynHLyJOzA+vWU3sH2T0jPtFp7FN39GZne4YG0aVMlnHhtHhxaXVCiv2RVoR4w1QtvKHQpzfPObR53Cl74iLStGVFKPwCLYRSpYRF7J6vVS/XxW4LzvN2b6VEKOcvJmN3LhpxFRl3YYzW+dwnwtbuHW6WJlmjffbLm1MxLFGlG95aCz31X8wzqYNsvb9+5AXcv8Ll69tLXmO1OtsY/3wILNUEp4VLZTE3wqm3n8hMnClZiiKyZCS7L4E0mClbx+BRSMH3eVo6jgve41/fK3FQM4QCNIkpGs7FjjLy+ptC+JyyWqcfvORrFV/GOgB5hD+G5ghJcIpeigD/lHsCRYsOa5sFdqREhwIWLmSWtNwfLZdJ3dkCc7yRpm3gal6qRfTkYpxTNxxKyvKbkaJDoxR9vtWrC3iNrQd9VvxC3TXtuzoHbqumeqgcAqefWF9u6snQ4Q9FkXzeuJArNuSvPIhgBjVtggH0w0vm/lmCQYiC/Y12GeCxfgYlL33buiZnNpZ1RzdKFpdHN0VG9rZW5zgaFjdmFsWQ47MIIONzADAgEAMIIOLgYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIOHzCCDhsCAQMxDzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFADCBgwYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAQSgdARyMHACAQEGCWCGSAGG/WwHATAxMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUABCC1N7q6uxRyjT2xP1QNQ0D8Z57C+QD+2apAQRE41cS6fgIRAPl7ZYRKPGXBW6Uf30L6FscYDzIwMjUwMjE0MTUxODE4WgIJAJKGULtoILj4oIILwDCCBQowggLyoAMCAQICEAwLL8d6eM+67WVWVMGaJAMwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwYzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxFzAVBgNVBAoTDkRpZ2lDZXJ0LCBJbmMuMTswOQYDVQQDEzJEaWdpQ2VydCBUcnVzdGVkIEc0IFJTQTQwOTYgU0hBMjU2IFRpbWVTdGFtcGluZyBDQTAeFw0yNDExMjAwMDAwMDBaFw0zNjAyMTkyMzU5NTlaMFsxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMREwDwYDVQQKEwhEaWdpQ2VydDE5MDcGA1UEAxMwRUNDMjU2X1NIQTI1Nl9UaW1lc3RhbXBfUmVzcG9uZGVyX0Fkb2JlX05PVl8yMDI0MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE0PwehfiBmKYqkEC8Tn6pFJnk5kkVmc8UgrcDPNrIlv0m12s5LUchFpsCFbPvDyY4VfQuH1CdtyBkcbH8yTPJXqOCAYswggGHMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIHgDAMBgNVHRMBAf8EAjAAMBYGA1UdJQEB/wQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMIMCAGA1UdIAQZMBcwCAYGZ4EMAQQCMAsGCWCGSAGG/WwHATAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBS6FtltTYUvcyl2mi91jGogj57IbzAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU7NEcb3znoE3kMT+HAAjUrdR9NrswWgYDVR0fBFMwUTBPoE2gS4ZJaHR0cDovL2NybDMuZGlnaWNlcnQuY29tL0RpZ2lDZXJ0VHJ1c3RlZEc0UlNBNDA5NlNIQTI1NlRpbWVTdGFtcGluZ0NBLmNybDCBkAYIKwYBBQUHAQEEgYMwgYAwJAYIKwYBBQUHMAGGGGh0dHA6Ly9vY3NwLmRpZ2ljZXJ0LmNvbTBYBggrBgEFBQcwAoZMaHR0cDovL2NhY2VydHMuZGlnaWNlcnQuY29tL0RpZ2lDZXJ0VHJ1c3RlZEc0UlNBNDA5NlNIQTI1NlRpbWVTdGFtcGluZ0NBLmNydDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAgEAouzBIPJ5Ly2riyO3AI9tQ4JzBK4dJp7QreHOLbFvciUGXWb9Z/BNXbnmsm+iImfJmGpmyJq03rlSsBqlEiE2U4lYbRUT980Q/Q6RZPhMeD9NdCErR/3g9ZYCum1X2mNIL83CEUD9wsCM6gWQBPNXOUCDYz7PNXLySzhSnf3F+8zoaEL684jQ8teVDU+X7lEXtn4qADULETWDplVwHYNkyuzpLWA/hB/w/IFq+5x0IUSTLg+eBjY4mZzT52F8+hd4+wbtmlZYq70BgALK1tuy6oYPZLFufmi/oPf5cqkaDK1i0suCg0Gs7TwfjyrJHnDtUe3WyW8O1ARVZfhmxmlHOMeh71SzTS+YR44i63/QOM8XudnvWaqUlO5A7u3bEV75vriyzF4xxUsf49LLSHMZ0B8Di+AOUUblB9V8NcM9gohryBzXKGK5Kn5G+k7CiVO57Q6jShSmd+PbARK03V8FaCHeM0v3FfwOaztSsOWjTv81EwrUJG3DIPPFxlqiJmmJiB4SLx2hNZ0XT1gmtEIa8b4qHj+OaeP86nfya1WzbKBLhAUkSDwd/lYi2qBZYpmUVHj88CmL8k63eoO9plbReD62278tZKglJrGQzBap99w0dDfEM6pM4q927nzciOZPeUatzV3G3zWA8famfIIwruDR7UsQHSSrMM2/YIuo8hUwggauMIIElqADAgECAhAHNje3JFR82Ees/ShmKl5bMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRUwEwYDVQQKEwxEaWdpQ2VydCBJbmMxGTAXBgNVBAsTEHd3dy5kaWdpY2VydC5jb20xITAfBgNVBAMTGERpZ2lDZXJ0IFRydXN0ZWQgUm9vdCBHNDAeFw0yMjAzMjMwMDAwMDBaFw0zNzAzMjIyMzU5NTlaMGMxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRcwFQYDVQQKEw5EaWdpQ2VydCwgSW5jLjE7MDkGA1UEAxMyRGlnaUNlcnQgVHJ1c3RlZCBHNCBSU0E0MDk2IFNIQTI1NiBUaW1lU3RhbXBpbmcgQ0EwggIiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4ICDwAwggIKAoICAQDGhjUGSbPBPXJJUVXHJQPE8pE3qZdRodbSg9GeTKJtoLDMg/la9hGhRBVCX6SI82j6ffOciQt/nR+eDzMfUBMLJnOWbfhXqAJ9/UO0hNoR8XOxs+4rgISKIhjf69o9xBd/qxkrPkLcZ47qUT3w1lbU5ygt69OxtXXnHwZljZQp09nsad/ZkIdGAHvbREGJ3HxqV3rwN3mfXazL6IRktFLydkf3YYMZ3V+0VAshaG43IbtArF+y3kp9zvU5EmfvDqVjbOSmxR3NNg1c1eYbqMFkdECnwHLFuk4fsbVYTXn+149zk6wsOeKlSNbwsDETqVcplicu9Yemj052FVUmcJgmf6AaRyBD40NjgHt1biclkJg6OBGz9vae5jtb7IHeIhTZgirHkr+g3uM+onP65x9abJTyUpURK1h0QCirc0PO30qhHGs4xSnzyqqWc0Jon7ZGs506o9UD4L/wojzKQtwYSH8UNM/STKvvmz3+DrhkKvp1KCRB7UK/BZxmSVJQ9FHzNklNiyDSLFc1eSuo80VgvCONWPfcYd6T/jnA+bIwpUzX6ZhKWD7TA4j+s4/TXkt2ElGTyYwMO1uKIqjBJgj5FBASA31fI7tk42PgpuE+9sJ0sj8eCXbsq11GdeJgo1gJASgADoRU7s7pXcheMBK9Rp6103a50g5rmQzSM7TNsQIDAQABo4IBXTCCAVkwEgYDVR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIBADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUuhbZbU2FL3MpdpovdYxqII+eyG8wHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAU7NfjgtJxXWRM3y5nP+e6mK4cD08wDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgGGMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMIMHcGCCsGAQUFBwEBBGswaTAkBggrBgEFBQcwAYYYaHR0cDovL29jc3AuZGlnaWNlcnQuY29tMEEGCCsGAQUFBzAChjVodHRwOi8vY2FjZXJ0cy5kaWdpY2VydC5jb20vRGlnaUNlcnRUcnVzdGVkUm9vdEc0LmNydDBDBgNVHR8EPDA6MDigNqA0hjJodHRwOi8vY3JsMy5kaWdpY2VydC5jb20vRGlnaUNlcnRUcnVzdGVkUm9vdEc0LmNybDAgBgNVHSAEGTAXMAgGBmeBDAEEAjALBglghkgBhv1sBwEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggIBAH1ZjsCTtm+YqUQiAX5m1tghQuGwGC4QTRPPMFPOvxj7x1Bd4ksp+3CKDaopafxpwc8dB+k+YMjYC+VcW9dth/qEICU0MWfNthKWb8RQTGIdDAiCqBa9qVbPFXONASIlzpVpP0d3+3J0FNf/q0+KLHqrhc1DX+1gtqpPkWaeLJ7giqzl/Yy8ZCaHbJK9nXzQcAp876i8dU+6WvepELJd6f8oVInw1YpxdmXazPByoyP6wCeCRK6ZJxurJB4mwbfeKuv2nrF5mYGjVoarCkXJ38SNoOeY+/umnXKvxMfBwWpx2cYTgAnEtp/Nh4cku0+jSbl3ZpHxcpzpSwJSpzd+k1OsOx0ISQ+UzTl63f8lY5knLD0/a6fxZsNBzU+2QJshIUDQtxMkzdwdeDrknq3lNHGS1yZr5Dhzq6YBT70/O3itTK37xJV77QpfMzmHQXh6OOmc4d0j/R0o08f56PGYX/sr2H7yRp11LB4nLCbbbxV7HhmLNriT1ObyF5lZynDwN7+YAN8gFk8n+2BnFqFmut1VwDophrCYoCvtlUG3OtUVmDG0YgkPCr2B2RP+v6TR81fZvAT6gt4y3wSJ8ADNXcL50CN/AAvkdgIm2fBldkKmKYcJRyvmfxqkhQ/8mJb2VVQrH4D6wPIOK+XW+6kvRBVK5xMOHds3OBqhK/bt1nz8MYIBuTCCAbUCAQEwdzBjMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEXMBUGA1UEChMORGlnaUNlcnQsIEluYy4xOzA5BgNVBAMTMkRpZ2lDZXJ0IFRydXN0ZWQgRzQgUlNBNDA5NiBTSEEyNTYgVGltZVN0YW1waW5nIENBAhAMCy/HenjPuu1lVlTBmiQDMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUAoIHRMBoGCSqGSIb3DQEJAzENBgsqhkiG9w0BCRABBDAcBgkqhkiG9w0BCQUxDxcNMjUwMjE0MTUxODE4WjArBgsqhkiG9w0BCRACDDEcMBowGDAWBBT3EwJUZBucztJRLWLFv58phIz8+DAvBgkqhkiG9w0BCQQxIgQgt8GHJB4IK9b5HwstrMwZFI6lBKNwwks+tGYs9AdEo7AwNwYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAi8xKDAmMCQwIgQguXomaB0Y6bl8Yz74SDlkVXWXltpQQ0Qsj4zN5SfgAKkwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIESDBGAiEA6l09qqI7ql2QXMUzCTI1AuqdXntgoGqJLVRPVTXctVYCIQC9i+pvkIiGhXrr6wJvZk69UXtHsyzY/Q3ZdyiBLknZkGNwYWRZE4IAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPZZAQAe+VP9XMFmb+4cHXRT/W0mJjaGc3T59z8m4eieahdKMrcIlZX447PSKZiF/Xlz1lSAKUyXeooNa8EDgJTLuuPDir5XMx117Ke+esHkoWx8YQM44ejgOPFQaqVJyaw7jrb88bxjg/mBgGURyUHAfmlfo96bgEH5tJBlFWaN5QbZmNtkK2FGOucr6ezVW4KoHLFUK9l/BQfTZzfkKpLTjzIt32HffYzOZ4oIuIa6FN1YOUHQtEuNZWCtYgrgQisIaw2zzpLehyUSsEJs2VcD8MO5xva1XOL//XL1DgG08xX4ZR8yStmiL3JiexGmFAbTH7AFEw9HLM5Z2zYJjM1mA+vi

No results found for ""

Tap search to view all possible matches

Spotted Redshank

Least Concern

Tringa erythropus

With its striking black breeding plumage, this wading bird transforms from a drab winter gray to a stunning sight in wetlands across Europe and Asia.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Spotted Redshank is a striking wader with distinctive seasonal plumage. In breeding season, it displays a sooty black body with white spots on its upperparts, a long, slender black bill with a red base, and bright red legs.

During winter, it transforms to a pale grey above and white below, retaining its characteristic long, slightly upturned bill and red legs. Unlike the similar Common Redshank, Spotted Redshanks lack the barred wing markings in their winter plumage.

Females and males are similar year-round, although, in summer, the female’s black plumage shows more spotting than the male's. Juveniles resemble non-breeding adults but have buff-edged feathers on their upperparts.

Size

Length

29cm to 31cm

Wingspan

59cm to 67cm

Weight

121g to 205g

Colours

Males and females have similar plumage

Primary Colour

Black White

Secondary Colour

Grey

Beak Colour

Black Red

Leg Colour

Red

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Woodland habitats.

Garden

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Garden habitats.

Wetland

The Spotted Redshank can be found in Wetland habitats.

Coastal

The Spotted Redshank can be found in Coastal habitats.

Urban

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Urban habitats.

Farmland

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Farmland habitats.

Grassland

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Grassland habitats.

Desert

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Desert habitats.

Tundra

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Tundra habitats.

Rainforest

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Rainforest habitats.

Mountain

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Mountain habitats.

Savanna

The Spotted Redshank is not typically found in Savanna habitats.

Distribution

Spotted Redshanks breed in the subarctic regions of northern Europe and Asia, favouring boggy areas in taiga and tundra. During migration and winter, they frequent coastal mudflats, estuaries, and inland wetlands.

Countries with the most notable breeding populations include Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.

In the UK, they are regular passage migrants and winter visitors, with significant numbers found along the east and south coasts of England. They are less common in North America, occasionally appearing as vagrants on both coasts.

Elevation Range

Up to 1,000 meters

Climate zones

Subarctic, Temperate, Subtropical

Distribution Map

This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a Spotted Redshank. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.

A few things to keep in mind:

  • Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
  • Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
  • This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations

We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:

  • More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
  • How birds move around during different seasons