Plectropterus gambensis
Spur-winged Goose
The Spur-winged Goose is a large, striking waterfowl with predominantly black plumage contrasted by white wing patches and belly. Its head and neck display iridescent green and purple hues, while a prominent red facial knob and pinkish legs add to its distinctive appearance.
Males are larger than females, with more extensive iridescence, a larger red facial patch and a larger facial knob. Females have a browner overall colouration and a smaller knob. Juveniles resemble females but lack the facial knob.
Length
75cm to 115cm
Wingspan
150cm to 200cm
Weight
4kg to 6.8kg
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Spur-winged Geese inhabit a wide range of wetland habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including marshes, lakes, rivers, and flooded grasslands. They are also found in savannah and open woodland areas, particularly when these are near water bodies.
During the dry season, they may congregate in large numbers around permanent water sources. Some populations undertake local migrations in response to seasonal rainfall patterns and water availability.
Up to 3,000 meters
Tropical, Subtropical
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Spur-winged Geese are primarily herbivorous, feeding on grasses, aquatic plants, and crops. They also consume small invertebrates and occasionally fish.
Their strong bill allows them to dig for roots and tubers, while their long neck enables foraging in shallow water.
Spur-winged Geese are often seen grazing in open grasslands, using their strong legs and feet to forage. They are generally gregarious, forming large flocks outside the breeding season.
When threatened, they prefer to run or swim rather than fly but are capable of powerful, direct flight when necessary.
Spur-winged Geese are generally quiet but produce a variety of vocalisations. Their most common call is a loud, nasal honking, often described as a 'honk-honk' or 'hank-hank'.
During courtship or when alarmed, they may emit softer whistles or grunts.
Breeding typically occurs during the rainy season, though the timing varies across their range. Pairs are monogamous and often return to the same nesting sites year after year.
Nests are usually constructed on the ground near water, hidden in dense vegetation. The female lays 6-14 cream-coloured eggs in a shallow depression lined with grass and down.
Incubation lasts about 30-32 days and is primarily undertaken by the female. The male remains nearby, guarding the nest. Goslings are precocial and can leave the nest within 24 hours of hatching, staying with their parents for several months.
The Spur-winged Goose typically lives for 8 to 10 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 11.3 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
While currently listed as Least Concern, Spur-winged Geese face localised threats from habitat loss and hunting.
Conservation efforts focus on protecting wetland habitats and regulating hunting practices to ensure sustainable populations across their range.
Global Population Estimate
100,000 - 1,000,000 mature individuals
Global Population Trend
Gambian Spur-winged Goose
Adult Spur-winged Geese have few natural predators due to their size, but eggs and goslings are vulnerable to various predators including monitor lizards, large birds of prey, and crocodiles.
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website: BirdLife International. 2016. Plectropterus gambensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22680057A92840685.
View sourcereport, 2006: Wetlands International