Spur-winged Goose

Least Concern

Plectropterus gambensis

A massive African waterfowl that can weigh up to 7 kg, distinguished by sharp wing spurs used for defence and territorial displays.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Spur-winged Goose is a large, striking waterfowl with predominantly black plumage contrasted by white wing patches and belly. Its head and neck display iridescent green and purple hues, while a prominent red facial knob and pinkish legs add to its distinctive appearance.

Males are larger than females, with more extensive iridescence, a larger red facial patch and a larger facial knob. Females have a browner overall colouration and a smaller knob. Juveniles resemble females but lack the facial knob.

Size

Length

75cm to 115cm

Wingspan

150cm to 200cm

Weight

4kg to 6.8kg

Colours

Primary Colour

Black White

Secondary Colour

Green Purple Iridescent

Beak Colour

Red

Leg Colour

Pink

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

Garden

Wetland

Coastal

Urban

Farmland

Grassland

Desert

Tundra

Rainforest

Mountain

Savanna

Distribution

Spur-winged Geese inhabit a wide range of wetland habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including marshes, lakes, rivers, and flooded grasslands. They are also found in savannah and open woodland areas, particularly when these are near water bodies.

During the dry season, they may congregate in large numbers around permanent water sources. Some populations undertake local migrations in response to seasonal rainfall patterns and water availability.

Elevation Range

Up to 3,000 meters

Climate zones

Tropical, Subtropical

Distribution Map

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Resident
Breeding
Vagrant

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 65
Strength 85
Adaptability 80
Aggressiveness 70
Endurance 75

Diet

Spur-winged Geese are primarily herbivorous, feeding on grasses, aquatic plants, and crops. They also consume small invertebrates and occasionally fish.

Their strong bill allows them to dig for roots and tubers, while their long neck enables foraging in shallow water.

Behaviour

Spur-winged Geese are often seen grazing in open grasslands, using their strong legs and feet to forage. They are generally gregarious, forming large flocks outside the breeding season.

When threatened, they prefer to run or swim rather than fly but are capable of powerful, direct flight when necessary.

Vocalisation

Spur-winged Geese are generally quiet but produce a variety of vocalisations. Their most common call is a loud, nasal honking, often described as a 'honk-honk' or 'hank-hank'.

During courtship or when alarmed, they may emit softer whistles or grunts.

Nesting & Breeding

Breeding typically occurs during the rainy season, though the timing varies across their range. Pairs are monogamous and often return to the same nesting sites year after year.

Nests are usually constructed on the ground near water, hidden in dense vegetation. The female lays 6-14 cream-coloured eggs in a shallow depression lined with grass and down.

Incubation lasts about 30-32 days and is primarily undertaken by the female. The male remains nearby, guarding the nest. Goslings are precocial and can leave the nest within 24 hours of hatching, staying with their parents for several months.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 8 - 10 years
Max Recorded Lifespan 11.3 years [1]
0
3
7
10
13

years

The Spur-winged Goose typically lives for 8 to 10 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 11.3 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [2]

While currently listed as Least Concern, Spur-winged Geese face localised threats from habitat loss and hunting.

Conservation efforts focus on protecting wetland habitats and regulating hunting practices to ensure sustainable populations across their range.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

100,000 - 1,000,000 mature individuals

Global Population Trend

Increasing[3]

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for large, dark waterfowl with white wing patches in wetlands and grasslands
  • Listen for their distinctive honking calls, especially in flight
  • Observe their behaviour on land, where they spend much time grazing
  • Watch for their reluctance to fly when approached, often preferring to run or swim

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Gambian Spur-winged Goose

Family:

Anatidae

Predators

Adult Spur-winged Geese have few natural predators due to their size, but eggs and goslings are vulnerable to various predators including monitor lizards, large birds of prey, and crocodiles.

Did You Know?

  1. Spur-winged Geese have a sharp spur on their wings, used for defence and during territorial disputes.
  2. They are one of the largest wild waterfowl species in Africa.
  3. Despite their name, they are more closely related to shelducks than true geese.

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References

  1. 2

    website: BirdLife International. 2016. Plectropterus gambensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22680057A92840685.

    View source
  2. 1 3

    report, 2006: Wetlands International