Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
Visual Identification
Appearance
The Black-tailed Godwit is a large wader with long legs and a distinctively long, straight bill. In breeding plumage, it displays rich chestnut-red underparts, contrasting with a brown-streaked head and neck. Its back is mottled brown, and its long black tail has a striking white base.
Females are typically larger and duller than males. In winter, both sexes adopt a more subdued grey-brown plumage. Juveniles resemble non-breeding adults but have a buff tinge to their plumage.
Size
Length
40cm to 44cm
Wingspan
70cm to 82cm
Weight
280g to 500g
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Black-tailed Godwits inhabit various wetland habitats, including coastal mudflats, estuaries, marshes, and wet grasslands. They breed across northern Europe and Asia, from Iceland to Siberia. During winter, they migrate to coastal areas in Western Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and parts of South Asia.
In the UK, they are both breeding birds and winter visitors, with important populations in East Anglia and the Wash. Outside of Europe, they can be found in coastal regions of Africa and Asia during non-breeding seasons.
Elevation Range
Up to 1,000 meters
Climate zones
Temperate, Subtropical, Tropical
Distribution Map
This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a Black-tailed Godwit. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.
A few things to keep in mind:
- Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
- Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
- This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations
We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:
- More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
- How birds move around during different seasons
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Share your thoughtsBird Attributes Explained
Our bird attributes system rates various aspects of a bird's capabilities on a scale of 0-100, based on data from field observations, scientific studies, and expert knowledge.
Attribute Categories:
- Agility: Manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
- Strength: Physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
- Adaptability: Ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
- Aggressiveness: Territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
- Endurance: Stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
Understanding the Ratings:
- 0-20: Very Low
- 21-40: Low
- 41-60: Average
- 61-80: High
- 81-100: Very High
Remember, these attributes are relative to other bird species and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Hover over the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Agility
Reflects the bird's manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
The Black-tailed Godwit demonstrates remarkable agility, particularly during its long-distance migrations and aerial displays. Its ability to navigate diverse wetland habitats and perform intricate flight manoeuvres suggests high manoeuvrability and spatial awareness.
Strength
Indicates the bird's physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
While not exceptionally strong for its size, the Black-tailed Godwit possesses adequate strength to undertake long-distance flights and probe deeply into mud with its bill. Its ability to carry out these activities indicates a moderate level of muscular power.
Adaptability
Represents the bird's ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
This species shows impressive adaptability, thriving in various wetland habitats across different continents and climate zones. Its capacity to adjust to seasonal changes, diverse feeding grounds, and ability to utilise both coastal and inland areas for breeding and wintering demonstrates high adaptability.
Aggressiveness
Measures the bird's territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
Black-tailed Godwits are generally non-aggressive birds, often seen in gregarious flocks. While males may display territorial behaviour during breeding season, they are not known for exceptional aggression. Their primary defence strategy appears to be vigilance rather than confrontation.
Endurance
Reflects the bird's stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
The endurance of the Black-tailed Godwit is truly remarkable. Its ability to undertake long-distance migrations, flying at speeds up to 60 mph, coupled with its longevity (living up to 25 years in the wild) and capacity for sustained feeding activity, all point to exceptional stamina and resilience.
Diet
Black-tailed Godwits primarily feed on invertebrates such as insects, worms, and molluscs. They use their long, sensitive bills to probe deep into mud or shallow water.
During migration, they may also consume plant material, including seeds and rhizomes of aquatic plants.
Behaviour
Black-tailed Godwits are highly gregarious, often seen in large flocks during migration and winter. They wade in shallow water, probing deeply with their long bills for invertebrates.
During the breeding season, males perform elaborate aerial displays, calling loudly while flying in circles to attract mates.
Vocalisation
The Black-tailed Godwit has a distinctive call, often described as a loud, clear 'wik-wik-wik' or 'tu-tu-tu'.
During breeding season, males produce a more melodious song that sounds like 'toodle-oodle-oodle', often given during display flights.
Nesting & Breeding
Black-tailed Godwits form monogamous pairs and breed in the spring. Males perform elaborate aerial displays and vocalisations to attract mates. The breeding season typically starts in April or May, depending on the location.
Nests are simple scrapes on the ground, often in damp meadows or marshes, lined with grass and leaves. Females usually lay 3-4 olive-green eggs with brown spots. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs.
Incubation lasts about 22-24 days. Chicks are precocial and can leave the nest shortly after hatching. They fledge after 25-30 days but remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
The Black-tailed Godwit is classified as Near Threatened due to habitat loss and degradation. Conservation efforts focus on protecting and restoring wetland habitats, particularly in breeding areas.
International cooperation is crucial for safeguarding their migratory routes and wintering grounds.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Black-tailed Godwits in coastal mudflats and estuaries during migration
- Listen for their distinctive 'wik-wik-wik' call in flight
- Observe their unique feeding behaviour, probing deep into mud with their long bills
- In the UK, visit nature reserves like the Ouse Washes or Minsmere RSPB reserve for good viewing opportunities
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Other names:
Continental Black-tailed Godwit
Family:
ScolopacidaeAverage Lifespan
10 to 15 years
Max Lifespan
23.6 years [4]
Predators
Did You Know?
- Black-tailed Godwits can fly at speeds of up to 60 mph during migration.
- They have been known to live for over 25 years in the wild.
- Their long bills are highly sensitive and can detect prey items buried deep in mud.
Similar Birds
References
- 1 3
website: BirdLife International. 2017. Limosa limosa (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22693150A111611637.
View source - 2
report, 2016: Wetlands International
- 4
website, 2010: Fransson et al., EURING list of longevity records for European birds
View source
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