Species Profile
Stonechat
Saxicola rubicola
European Stonechat
Quick Facts
Conservation
LCLeast ConcernAlso known as: European Stonechat, Common Stonechat
Gallery
Appearance
The Stonechat is a small, stocky, robin-like bird with a distinctive appearance.
Males have a black head, white half-collar, and orange-red breast, contrasting with brown upperparts and a white patch on the wings. The tail and rump are black.
Females are duller, with a brown head and less contrasting plumage. Juveniles resemble females but have spotted upperparts and a scaly pattern on the breast.
Identification & Characteristics
Male Colors
- Primary
- Black
- Secondary
- Orange
- Beak
- Black
- Legs
- Black
Female Colors
- Primary
- Brown
- Secondary
- Buff
- Beak
- Black
- Legs
- Black
Female Markings
Paler overall, with less contrasting head pattern
Attributes
Understanding Attributes
Rated 0–100 based on research and observation. A score of 50 is average across all bird species. These attributes are relative and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Habitat & Distribution
Stonechats inhabit open areas with low vegetation, including heathland, coastal dunes, and rough grassland. They prefer habitats with scattered bushes or brambles for perching and nesting.
They are widespread in Europe, with resident populations in the UK and Ireland. Some northern populations migrate south for winter, while others are partial migrants or residents, depending on local climate conditions.
Where and when to see it
How often the Stonechat turns up in the UK and Ireland through the year, from birdwatchers' records.
United Kingdom
Resident · all year · most records in October
Ireland
Resident · all year · most records in October
Show as a table
| Month | United Kingdom | Ireland |
|---|---|---|
| January | 0.44% (regular) | 0.68% (regular) |
| February | 0.41% (regular) | 0.65% (regular) |
| March | 0.35% (regular) | 0.77% (regular) |
| April | 0.31% (regular) | 0.85% (regular) |
| May | 0.38% (regular) | 0.93% (regular) |
| June | 0.38% (regular) | 0.96% (regular) |
| July | 0.35% (regular) | 0.96% (regular) |
| August | 0.36% (regular) | 0.77% (regular) |
| September | 0.52% (regular) | 1.0% (regular) |
| October | 0.79% (regular) | 1.2% (regular) |
| November | 0.59% (regular) | 0.97% (regular) |
| December | 0.44% (regular) | 0.75% (regular) |
Recorded regularly in
Worldwide: recorded regularly in 65 countries
Countries where it was recorded in at least 3 of the 6 years 2019–2024. Linked countries have their own bird list.
Europe (44)
- Albania
- Andorra
- Austria
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Czechia
- Denmark
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Gibraltar
- Greece
- Guernsey
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Isle of Man
- Italy
- Jersey
- Kosovo
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
Data: EOD – eBird Observation Dataset (Cornell Lab of Ornithology), accessed via GBIF.org, CC BY 4.0. Records from 2019–2024, aggregated and filtered by Birdfact. How these lists are made
Diet
Stonechats primarily feed on insects, including beetles, flies, and caterpillars. Other common prey items include ants, grasshoppers, earwigs, snails, earthworms and small lizards.
They hunt by perching on a prominent spot and swooping down to catch prey on the ground or in mid-air. In autumn and winter, they may supplement their diet with small seeds and berries, notably blackberries.
Behaviour
Stonechats are often seen perched upright on prominent low perches, such as fence posts or the tops of bushes. They frequently bob their tails and flick their wings while perched.
These birds are territorial and will chase off intruders with rapid, darting flights.
Calls & Sounds
The Stonechat's name comes from its distinctive call, a sharp 'chak' sound reminiscent of two pebbles being struck together. This characteristic call is interspersed with a high-pitched ‘weet’ note.
Their song is a short, scratchy warble, often delivered from a prominent perch. Males may sing throughout the year but are most vocal during the breeding season.
- Song0:00 / 0:22
Recorded in Normandie, France · March 2024
- Alarm call0:00 / 0:58
Recorded in Andalucía, Spain · July 2018
Nesting & Breeding
Stonechats form monogamous pairs and begin breeding in late March or early April. Males perform display flights and sing to attract females.
The nest is built low in dense vegetation, often in gorse or heather. It's a cup-shaped structure made of grass, moss, and plant stems lined with finer materials. Females typically lay 4-6 pale blue-green eggs with fine reddish-brown spots.
Incubation lasts about 13-14 days, primarily by the female. Both parents feed the chicks, which fledge after 12-13 days. Pairs often raise two or three broods per season.
Conservation
While the Stonechat is listed as Least Concern globally, some local populations have experienced declines due to habitat loss and agricultural intensification.
Conservation efforts focus on maintaining suitable breeding habitats, particularly in areas of heathland and coastal scrub.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Stonechats in open habitats with scattered bushes or low vegetation
- Listen for their distinctive 'chak' call, which sounds like two stones being tapped together
- Observe their habit of perching conspicuously on tops of bushes or fence posts
- In the UK, check coastal areas and heathlands for resident populations
Did You Know?
- Stonechats can raise up to three broods in a single breeding season.
- Their scientific name 'Saxicola' means 'rock-dweller', although they're more commonly found in scrubland.
- In some regions, Stonechats are considered indicators of habitat quality for other grassland species.
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