Great Crested Grebe

Least Concern

Podiceps cristatus

With its striking crest and mesmerising courtship dance, this aquatic bird turns lakes into nature's most captivating ballrooms.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Great Crested Grebe is a striking waterbird with a slender neck and distinctive black double crest. Its back is brown, contrasting with a bright white front. The face features a black-and-white pattern, complemented by a reddish-orange ruff around the neck during breeding season.

Juveniles lack the crest and have striped heads. Both sexes look similar, with breeding plumage being more vibrant. In winter, the crest reduces, and the ruff becomes less prominent.

Size

Length

46cm to 51cm

Wingspan

59cm to 73cm

Weight

750g to 1.45kg

Colours

Males and females have similar plumage

Primary Colour

Brown White

Secondary Colour

Black Rufous

Beak Colour

Pink Grey

Leg Colour

Green

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

Garden

Wetland

Coastal

Urban

Farmland

Grassland

Desert

Tundra

Rainforest

Mountain

Savanna

Distribution

Great Crested Grebes inhabit large, open freshwater bodies such as lakes, reservoirs, and slow-flowing rivers. They prefer waters with abundant aquatic vegetation for nesting. Their range spans across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa.

In the UK, they are widespread residents, found year-round on suitable water bodies. During winter, some birds move to coastal areas. In North America, they are rare visitors to Alaska and western Canada.

Elevation Range

Up to 3,000 meters

Climate zones

Temperate, Subtropical

Distribution Map

© 2025 - Birdfact
Resident
Breeding
Non-breeding
Vagrant

Distribution by Region

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 85
Strength 60
Adaptability 75
Aggressiveness 55
Endurance 70

Diet

Great Crested Grebes primarily feed on fish, diving underwater to catch their prey. They also consume aquatic insects, molluscs, and crustaceans.

They will occasionally feed by submerging their heads, although as expert swimmers and divers, they will normally disappear completely below the surface and can remain thus for an average of up to 30 seconds.

These birds have been observed swallowing their own feathers, possibly to protect their digestive system from sharp fish bones.

Behaviour

Great Crested Grebes are excellent swimmers and divers, often seen gliding gracefully across water surfaces. They perform elaborate courtship displays, including the famous 'weed dance' where pairs rise out of the water chest-to-chest, shaking their heads. These birds are generally monogamous and territorial during breeding season.

Vocalisation

Great Crested Grebes are generally quiet outside the breeding season. During courtship and nesting, they produce a variety of calls, including a loud, guttural 'gorrr' or 'korrr'. Pairs often duet with a series of 'rah-rah' calls. Alarm calls are sharp and resemble a dog's bark.

Nesting & Breeding

Breeding season for Great Crested Grebes typically begins in spring, with elaborate courtship displays preceding pair formation. These displays include head-shaking, weed-presenting, and the famous 'penguin dance'.

Nests are floating platforms of aquatic vegetation, usually anchored to reeds or submerged branches. Females lay 3-4 chalky blue eggs, which become stained brown over time.

Both parents incubate the eggs for about 27-29 days. The chicks are precocial, often seen riding on their parents' backs. They fledge after 71-79 days but may be fed by their parents for up to 10 weeks.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 10 - 15 years
0
4
9
13
17

years

The Great Crested Grebe typically lives for 10 to 15 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [1]

While the Great Crested Grebe is currently listed as Least Concern, it faces threats from habitat loss and water pollution. Conservation efforts focus on protecting wetland habitats and maintaining water quality in lakes and reservoirs. Climate change may also affect their distribution and breeding success in the future.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

915,000 - 1,400,000 mature individuals [2]

Global Population Trend

Unknown

Trend data may be uncertain or fluctuating

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for them on large, open bodies of freshwater
  • Observe their distinctive silhouette with an S-shaped neck
  • Listen for their loud, guttural calls during the breeding season
  • In the UK, visit reservoirs and lakes year-round for sightings
  • Use binoculars to spot their elaborate courtship displays in spring
  • Rarely seen in flight, if startled, they prefer to dive below the surface to escape or avoid predators.
  • Being a water bird, they spend almost all of their lives on the water and are uncomfortable on land, being unable to walk properly or support their own weight. If they venture onto land, they are forced almost to drag themselves along, unable to stand upright. Their legs are set very far back on their body, rendering successful balance impossible.

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Crested Grebe

Predators

Main predators include large birds of prey, such as eagles and large gulls, as well as foxes and mink that may raid nests.

Did You Know?

  1. Great Crested Grebes eat their own feathers to form a protective lining in their stomachs.
  2. They can adjust their buoyancy to sink vertically in water, with only their head remaining above the surface.
  3. Chicks often ride on their parents' backs, even diving with them.

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References

  1. 1

    website: BirdLife International. 2019. Podiceps cristatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22696602A154250080.

    View source
  2. 2

    report, 2015: Wetlands International