Red-necked Grebe
Least ConcernPodiceps grisegena
Visual Identification
Appearance
The Red-necked Grebe is a striking waterbird with a distinctive reddish-brown neck, contrasting sharply with its gray body and black cap. Its stout, dark bill and piercing red eyes add to its unique appearance.
During the breeding season, adults display more vibrant colors, while non-breeding plumage is duller. Females are similar to males but generally have more of a dull and less bright plumage, with much more subdued colors.
Juveniles lack the red neck, instead showing a striped face and neck pattern.
Size
Length
40cm to 50cm
Wingspan
77cm to 85cm
Weight
750g to 1.6kg
Colours
Males and females have similar plumage
Primary Colour
Grey Red Black
Secondary Colour
White
Beak Colour
Black Orange
Leg Colour
Black
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Red-necked Grebes inhabit freshwater lakes, marshes, and coastal bays across northern Eurasia and North America. They prefer large, deep bodies of water with abundant fish populations and emergent vegetation for nesting.
During winter, they migrate to coastal areas and large inland lakes. In North America, they are found along both coasts and the Great Lakes region, while in Europe, they frequent the Baltic and North Seas.
In the UK, breeding sites are kept secret to avoid potential disturbances, but in the past, they have been on the Scottish coast and near The Wash estuary. Winter sightings have been made off the eastern coast of the British Isles, particularly in south-east England.
Elevation Range
Sea level to 1,000 meters
Climate zones
Temperate, Subarctic
Distribution Map
This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a Red-necked Grebe. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.
A few things to keep in mind:
- Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
- Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
- This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations
We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:
- More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
- How birds move around during different seasons
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Share your thoughtsBird Attributes Explained
Our bird attributes system rates various aspects of a bird's capabilities on a scale of 0-100, based on data from field observations, scientific studies, and expert knowledge.
Attribute Categories:
- Agility: Manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
- Strength: Physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
- Adaptability: Ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
- Aggressiveness: Territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
- Endurance: Stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
Understanding the Ratings:
- 0-20: Very Low
- 21-40: Low
- 41-60: Average
- 61-80: High
- 81-100: Very High
Remember, these attributes are relative to other bird species and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Hover over the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Agility
Reflects the bird's manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
Red-necked Grebes are highly agile in water, demonstrating excellent swimming and diving abilities. Their skill in underwater manoeuvres and quick movements whilst foraging showcases their impressive agility.
Strength
Indicates the bird's physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
Whilst not exceptionally strong for their size, Red-necked Grebes possess adequate strength for their aquatic lifestyle. Their ability to dive and swim efficiently, as well as carry chicks on their backs, indicates moderate strength.
Adaptability
Represents the bird's ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
These birds show good adaptability, inhabiting various aquatic environments from freshwater lakes to coastal bays. Their ability to adjust buoyancy and thrive in different climates during migration further demonstrates their adaptability.
Aggressiveness
Measures the bird's territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
Red-necked Grebes are not particularly aggressive birds. They can be territorial during breeding season, but generally maintain a neutral disposition. Their elaborate courtship displays suggest a preference for ritual over aggression.
Endurance
Reflects the bird's stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
The endurance of Red-necked Grebes is noteworthy. Their long-distance migrations, ability to dive for extended periods (up to 30 seconds), and the energy required for their elaborate courtship displays all point to high endurance levels.
Diet
Red-necked Grebes primarily feed on fish, supplementing their diet with aquatic insects, crustaceans, and mollusks. They are skilled hunters, using their sharp bill to catch prey underwater. These birds often swallow small pebbles to aid in digestion.
Behaviour
Red-necked Grebes are excellent swimmers and divers, often seen diving for extended periods while foraging. They are known for their elaborate courtship displays, which include synchronized swimming and ritualized head-shaking behaviors.
These birds are generally solitary or found in pairs, becoming more social during migration.
Vocalisation
Red-necked Grebes have a diverse vocal repertoire. Their most distinctive call is a loud, wailing 'kee-arr' or 'kree-arr', often heard during the breeding season.
They also produce softer 'wup' or 'whup' sounds for communication between mates and with their young.
Nesting & Breeding
Red-necked Grebes form monogamous pairs and engage in elaborate courtship displays before breeding. The breeding season typically begins in late spring, varying by location.
Nests are constructed as floating platforms anchored to emergent vegetation, often in shallow water. Females lay 2-5 pale blue eggs, which become stained brown over time.
Both parents incubate the eggs for about 22-25 days. Chicks are precocial, often seen riding on their parents' backs for the first few weeks after hatching. They fledge at 7-9 weeks old.
Lifespan
The Red-necked Grebe typically lives for 6 to 9 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 11 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
While the Red-necked Grebe is currently listed as Least Concern, it faces threats from habitat loss, oil spills, and entanglement in fishing gear.
Conservation efforts focus on protecting wetland habitats and reducing water pollution to maintain healthy populations.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Red-necked Grebes on large, deep lakes and coastal bays
- Listen for their distinctive loud, wailing calls during breeding season
- Observe their diving behavior, as they often stay submerged for up to 30 seconds, with the ability to stay under 1 minute
- In North America, watch for them during spring and fall migrations on large bodies of water
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Other names:
Holboell's Grebe
Family:
PodicipedidaePredators
Main predators of Red-necked Grebes include large birds of prey such as eagles and gulls, as well as mammals like raccoons and minks that may raid nests.
Did You Know?
- Red-necked Grebes eat their own feathers and feed them to their chicks to aid in digestion.
- They can adjust their buoyancy in water by compressing their plumage and releasing air from their air sacs.
- These birds are rarely seen on land due to their legs being positioned far back on their bodies.
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References
- 2
website: BirdLife International. 2018. Podiceps grisegena. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696599A132582688.
View source - 3 4
report, 2015: Wetlands International
- 1
website: Longevity Records Of North American Birds. Version 2023.1
View source