Great Curassow
VulnerableCrax rubra
Visual Identification
Great Curassow
Appearance
The Great Curassow is a large, ground-dwelling bird with striking sexual dimorphism. Males are predominantly black with a distinctive yellow knob on their bill and a curly crest of feathers on their head. They have a white belly and undertail coverts.
Females exhibit two colour morphs: barred and rufous. Barred females have black and white striped bodies, while rufous females are reddish-brown. Both female types have black-and-white crests and lack the yellow bill knob.
Juvenile males initially resemble the darker-coloured female but soon change to the black of the adult male. They do not, however, feature the yellow knob on the bill of the adult. Juvenile females have similar morphs to adult females.
Size
Length
84cm to 92cm
Wingspan
100cm to 120cm
Weight
3kg to 4.8kg
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Great Curassows inhabit tropical and subtropical rainforests from eastern Mexico through Central America to western Colombia and Ecuador. They prefer undisturbed, mature forests with a dense canopy and open understory.
While primarily found in lowland forests, they can occur at elevations up to 1,900 meters.
Elevation Range
Sea level to 1,900 meters
Climate zones
Tropical
Distribution Map
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Diet
Great Curassows are omnivorous, with a diet consisting primarily of fallen fruits, seeds, and small invertebrates. They use their strong beaks to crack open hard seeds and nuts. When opportunities arise, these birds also consume small reptiles, amphibians, and occasionally rodents.
Behaviour
Great Curassows are primarily terrestrial, spending much of their time foraging on the forest floor. They move with a slow, deliberate gait, scratching the ground for food.
These birds are typically found in pairs or small family groups and are known for their cautious nature. They often freeze or flee when disturbed.
Vocalisation
The Great Curassow's call is a deep, resonant booming sound, often described as a low-pitched 'oon' or 'moo.' Males produce this call during the breeding season to attract mates and establish territory. Females and young birds make softer, whistling calls for communication within family groups.
Nesting & Breeding
Great Curassows form monogamous pairs and breed during the dry season, typically from December to May. Males attract females with deep, booming calls and elaborate displays, including puffing up their plumage and strutting.
Nests are usually built 3-5 meters above ground in trees, constructed of sticks and lined with leaves. Females typically lay two large, white eggs per clutch.
Incubation lasts about 30-36 days, primarily by the female. Chicks are precocial, able to leave the nest shortly after hatching, but remain with their parents for several months.
Lifespan
years
The Great Curassow typically lives for 20 to 24 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
The Great Curassow is classified as Vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting pressure. Conservation efforts focus on protecting remaining rainforest habitats and implementing sustainable hunting practices in areas where the species occurs. Captive breeding programs also contribute to conservation efforts.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Great Curassows in the early morning or late afternoon when they're most active.
- Listen for their deep, booming calls, which can help locate them in dense forests.
- Search near fruiting trees, where they often feed.
- Be patient and move quietly, as they're easily startled.
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Other names:
Mexican Curassow
Family:
CracidaePredators
Did You Know?
- Great Curassows can live up to 24 years in the wild, making them one of the longest-lived ground-dwelling birds.
- They play a crucial role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers.
- The species exhibits unique 'anting' behaviour, using ants to clean their feathers of parasites.
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References
- 1 2
website: BirdLife International. 2020. Crax rubra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22678521A178001922.
View source - 3
report, 2016: Tracewski et al.