Progne subis
Purple Martins are the largest North American swallows. Adult males are unmistakable, with their glossy, iridescent purple-blue plumage covering most of their body. Their wings and tail are black, creating a striking contrast.
Females and immature birds are less colorful, with a mix of grey and brown upperparts and lighter underparts. They often have a faint collar and some purple sheen, though not as pronounced as in males.
Length
18cm to 20cm
Wingspan
38cm to 46cm
Weight
45g to 60g
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Purple Martins breed across much of North America, from southern Canada to Mexico. They prefer open areas near water, including fields, parks, and wetlands. In eastern North America, they almost exclusively nest in human-provided housing.
During winter, Purple Martins migrate to South America, primarily to Brazil and surrounding countries. They can be found in both rural and urban areas, often roosting in large numbers in city centers before continuing their journey.
Up to 3,200 meters
Temperate, Subtropical, Tropical
This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a Purple Martin. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.
A few things to keep in mind:
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