Little Grebe
Least ConcernTachybaptus ruficollis
Visual Identification
Appearance
The Little Grebe is a small, compact waterbird with a rounded body and short, pointed bill. In breeding plumage, it displays rich chestnut-brown cheeks and neck, contrasting with a darker crown and upperparts. The sides of the body show a mix of dark brown and buff.
Non-breeding adults have paler plumage, with greyish-brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Juveniles resemble non-breeding adults but often show striped facial patterns. The eyes are bright yellow in all plumages.
Sexes are alike in appearance, although females are usually slightly smaller than males.
Size
Length
23cm to 29cm
Wingspan
40cm to 45cm
Weight
120g to 300g
Colours
Males and females have similar plumage
Primary Colour
Brown Black
Secondary Colour
White Buff
Beak Colour
Black
Leg Colour
Green
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Little Grebes inhabit many freshwater habitats, including ponds, lakes, slow-moving rivers, and coastal lagoons. They prefer areas with abundant aquatic vegetation for cover and nesting. Their distribution spans across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa.
In the UK, Little Grebes are widespread residents, found in suitable wetland habitats throughout the year. Some northern populations may move south during harsh winters, while others remain on ice-free waters.
Elevation Range
Up to 1,000 meters
Climate zones
Temperate, Subtropical, Tropical
Distribution Map
This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a Little Grebe. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.
A few things to keep in mind:
- Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
- Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
- This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations
We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:
- More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
- How birds move around during different seasons
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Share your thoughtsBird Attributes Explained
Our bird attributes system rates various aspects of a bird's capabilities on a scale of 0-100, based on data from field observations, scientific studies, and expert knowledge.
Attribute Categories:
- Agility: Manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
- Strength: Physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
- Adaptability: Ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
- Aggressiveness: Territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
- Endurance: Stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
Understanding the Ratings:
- 0-20: Very Low
- 21-40: Low
- 41-60: Average
- 61-80: High
- 81-100: Very High
Remember, these attributes are relative to other bird species and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Hover over the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Agility
Reflects the bird's manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
The Little Grebe demonstrates remarkable agility in aquatic environments. Its ability to dive swiftly with minimal disturbance to the water surface, stay submerged for up to 30 seconds, and manoeuvre effectively underwater to catch prey indicates high agility. The bird's capacity for rapid direction changes and precise movements in water contributes to this elevated agility rating.
Strength
Indicates the bird's physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
Whilst the Little Grebe is a proficient swimmer and diver, its small size (23-29 cm in length and weighing 120-300 g) suggests moderate strength relative to larger waterbirds. The strength required for underwater propulsion and carrying materials for nest-building is notable, but not exceptional compared to other avian species.
Adaptability
Represents the bird's ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
Little Grebes exhibit high adaptability, thriving in various freshwater habitats from small ponds to coastal lagoons. Their ability to adjust buoyancy by compressing feathers and air sacs, coupled with their diverse diet of aquatic invertebrates, small fish, and plants, demonstrates significant adaptability. Their partial migratory behaviour in response to harsh winters further supports this rating.
Aggressiveness
Measures the bird's territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
Little Grebes display moderate aggressiveness, particularly during the breeding season. Their elaborate courtship displays and territorial behaviour suggest a degree of assertiveness. However, they are not known for exceptional aggression towards other species or conspecifics outside of breeding contexts, leading to a mid-range aggression rating.
Endurance
Reflects the bird's stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
The Little Grebe's endurance is considerable, especially in aquatic environments. Their ability to dive frequently, sometimes staying submerged for up to 30 seconds, and their capacity for long-distance migration (in some populations) indicate good endurance. The species' widespread distribution across various climates and elevations (up to 5000 metres) further supports this endurance rating.
Diet
Little Grebes primarily feed on small aquatic invertebrates, including insects, crustaceans, and molluscs. Crane flies, and mayflies and their larvae are among the most important food sources
They also consume small fish and amphibians. Their diet is supplemented with aquatic plants. These birds hunt by diving, using their feet for propulsion and sharp bill to catch prey underwater.
Behaviour
Little Grebes are excellent swimmers and divers, often disappearing underwater with barely a ripple. They frequently engage in rapid dives to catch prey, staying submerged for up to 30 seconds.
During the breeding season, pairs perform elaborate courtship displays, including synchronised swimming and offering water weeds to each other.
Vocalisation
Little Grebe's are noisy birds, and the most distinctive vocalisation is a loud, rapid trilling call, often described as a whinnying laugh or a high-pitched 'weet-weet-weet'. This call is frequently heard during the breeding season.
In flight or when alarmed, they may produce a sharp 'bib' or 'pip' sound.
Nesting & Breeding
Little Grebes typically form monogamous pairs during the breeding season, which varies by region but often occurs from April to August. Courtship involves elaborate displays, including synchronised swimming and platform-building rituals.
Nests are floating platforms of aquatic vegetation, usually anchored to emergent plants. Females lay 4-6 white eggs, which quickly become stained brown from the nest material. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs.
Incubation lasts about 20-25 days. Chicks are precocial, able to swim and dive shortly after hatching. They often ride on their parents' backs for protection and warmth. Fledging occurs after 30-40 days.
Lifespan
years
The Little Grebe typically lives for 10 to 15 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
While the Little Grebe is listed as Least Concern globally, it faces localised threats from habitat loss and degradation.
Wetland conservation efforts, particularly in Europe and Asia, are crucial for maintaining healthy populations. Climate change and water pollution also pose potential long-term risks to this species.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Little Grebes in small ponds, lakes, and slow-moving rivers
- Listen for their distinctive whinnying trill, often heard during the breeding season
- Observe their frequent diving behaviour, which can help distinguish them from ducks
- In the UK, check wetland areas year-round, as many birds are resident
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Other names:
Dabchick
Family:
PodicipedidaePredators
Main predators of Little Grebes include large fish, birds of prey (such as herons and gulls), and mammals like mink and otters. Eggs and chicks are particularly vulnerable to corvids and water rats.
Did You Know?
- Little Grebes can adjust their buoyancy by compressing their feathers and air sacs, allowing them to sink slowly into the water.
- They often eat their own feathers, which may help protect their digestive system from sharp fish bones.
- During courtship, Little Grebes perform a 'penguin dance', standing upright in the water with necks stretched.
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FAQs
Do Little Grebes fly?
Little grebes are largely sedentary and remain in their home waters for extended periods. However, they can fly considerable distances, which can mainly be observed during migration from frozen inland waters to ice-free estuaries and coasts in winter months.
Is a Little Grebe a duck?
Although duckling-sized and similar in appearance to smaller ducks, little grebes belong to a distinct and separate family of waterbirds called grebes.
References
- 1
website: BirdLife International. 2019. Tachybaptus ruficollis (amended version of 2017 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22696545A155540155.
View source - 2 3
report, 2015: Wetlands International