Garrulus glandarius
Eurasian Jay
The Eurasian Jay is a striking bird with a pinkish-brown body, blue wing patch, and black tail. Its head features a black-streaked crest and a distinctive black 'moustache' stripe. The wings display a pattern of black, white, and bright blue feathers.
Both sexes look similar, with juveniles appearing duller overall. The bird's plumage remains consistent throughout the year, with no significant seasonal changes.
Length
32cm to 35cm
Wingspan
52cm to 58cm
Weight
140g to 190g
Males and females have similar plumage
Primary Colour
Pink Blue Black
Secondary Colour
White Brown
Beak Colour
Black
Leg Colour
Pink
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Eurasian Jays inhabit deciduous and mixed woodlands across much of Europe, parts of North Africa, and eastward through Asia. They prefer mature forests with oak trees but also adapt to coniferous woods and urban parks.
In the UK, they are widespread in England and Wales, with an expanding presence in Scotland. The species is non-migratory, maintaining year-round territories throughout its range.
Up to 1,800 meters
Temperate, Mediterranean
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Eurasian Jays are omnivorous, with a diet that varies seasonally. They primarily feed on acorns, nuts, and seeds but also consume insects, small vertebrates, and eggs. Their habit of caching acorns plays a crucial role in oak forest regeneration, as not all stored acorns are retrieved.
Jays are usually shy around humans, but they will eat peanuts, monkey nuts, and suet at the bird table if left undisturbed.
Eurasian Jays are known for their intelligence and adaptability. They exhibit caching behaviour, storing acorns and other food items for later consumption.
These birds are typically shy and wary around humans, often fleeing at the first sign of disturbance. In social settings, they communicate through various calls and body language.
Eurasian Jays are known for their varied vocalisations. Their most recognisable call is a harsh, rasping 'schaach' often given as an alarm. They also produce softer, warbling notes during courtship and can mimic other birds and even mechanical sounds. In flight, they may emit a 'kschaach' call.
These intelligent birds also mimic other birds and even mammals like horses and cats.
Eurasian Jays form monogamous pairs and breed once annually, typically from April to June. Courtship involves soft calls and mutual feeding between partners.
The nest, a platform of twigs lined with rootlets and hair, is usually built in a tree or large bush, 2-4 meters above ground. Females lay 4-6 eggs, pale green to olive in colour with brown speckles.
Incubation lasts about 16-19 days, primarily by the female. Both parents feed the nestlings, which fledge after 19-23 days but remain dependent on adults for several weeks after leaving the nest.
years
The Eurasian Jay typically lives for 4 to 7 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
While the Eurasian Jay is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it faces localised threats from habitat loss and fragmentation. In some areas, it benefits from the expansion of suburban gardens, which provide additional food sources. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining diverse woodland habitats.
Jay
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Jays shape the natural environment and create the habitats they require by planting oak trees. A single Jay may bury over 2,000 acorns before the winter, and many of these will germinate. By transporting acorns into old fields, Jays can even regenerate woodlands destroyed by human activities like farming.
Jays and Magpies are both from the Corvidae family, although they are not the same birds. Magpies are pied, long-tailed birds from the Pica genus, while Jays are smaller, more colourful species from the Garrulus genus.
Despite their woodland heritage, Jays are reasonably common in London’s parks and gardens. There, they are more habituated to our presence and may be bolder and easier to observe than their wilder relatives.
website: BirdLife International. 2017. Garrulus glandarius (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T103723684A118779004.
View sourcereport, 2015: EBCC