Nature's unsung gardener, whose vibrant plumage and acorn-stashing habit play a crucial role in forest regeneration worldwide.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Eurasian Jay is a striking bird with a pinkish-brown body, blue wing patch, and black tail. Its head features a black-streaked crest and a distinctive black 'moustache' stripe. The wings display a pattern of black, white, and bright blue feathers.

Both sexes look similar, with juveniles appearing duller overall. The bird's plumage remains consistent throughout the year, with no significant seasonal changes.

Size

Length

32cm to 35cm

Wingspan

52cm to 58cm

Weight

140g to 190g

Colours

Males and females have similar plumage

Primary Colour

Pink Blue Black

Secondary Colour

White Brown

Beak Colour

Black

Leg Colour

Pink

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

Garden

Wetland

Coastal

Urban

Farmland

Grassland

Desert

Tundra

Rainforest

Mountain

Savanna

Distribution

Eurasian Jays inhabit deciduous and mixed woodlands across much of Europe, parts of North Africa, and eastward through Asia. They prefer mature forests with oak trees but also adapt to coniferous woods and urban parks.

In the UK, they are widespread in England and Wales, with an expanding presence in Scotland. The species is non-migratory, maintaining year-round territories throughout its range.

Elevation Range

Up to 1,800 meters

Climate zones

Temperate, Mediterranean

Distribution Map

© 2025 - Birdfact
Resident
Breeding
Vagrant

Distribution by Region

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 75
Strength 60
Adaptability 85
Aggressiveness 50
Endurance 65

Diet

Eurasian Jays are omnivorous, with a diet that varies seasonally. They primarily feed on acorns, nuts, and seeds but also consume insects, small vertebrates, and eggs. Their habit of caching acorns plays a crucial role in oak forest regeneration, as not all stored acorns are retrieved.

Jays are usually shy around humans, but they will eat peanuts, monkey nuts, and suet at the bird table if left undisturbed.

Behaviour

Eurasian Jays are known for their intelligence and adaptability. They exhibit caching behaviour, storing acorns and other food items for later consumption.

These birds are typically shy and wary around humans, often fleeing at the first sign of disturbance. In social settings, they communicate through various calls and body language.

Vocalisation

Eurasian Jays are known for their varied vocalisations. Their most recognisable call is a harsh, rasping 'schaach' often given as an alarm. They also produce softer, warbling notes during courtship and can mimic other birds and even mechanical sounds. In flight, they may emit a 'kschaach' call.

These intelligent birds also mimic other birds and even mammals like horses and cats.

Nesting & Breeding

Eurasian Jays form monogamous pairs and breed once annually, typically from April to June. Courtship involves soft calls and mutual feeding between partners.

The nest, a platform of twigs lined with rootlets and hair, is usually built in a tree or large bush, 2-4 meters above ground. Females lay 4-6 eggs, pale green to olive in colour with brown speckles.

Incubation lasts about 16-19 days, primarily by the female. Both parents feed the nestlings, which fledge after 19-23 days but remain dependent on adults for several weeks after leaving the nest.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 4 - 7 years
0
2
5
7
9

years

The Eurasian Jay typically lives for 4 to 7 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [1]

While the Eurasian Jay is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it faces localised threats from habitat loss and fragmentation. In some areas, it benefits from the expansion of suburban gardens, which provide additional food sources. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining diverse woodland habitats.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

33,000,000 - 65,100,000 mature individuals [2]

Global Population Trend

Stable[3]

Birdwatching Tips

  • Listen for their harsh, screeching call, which often reveals their presence before they're seen
  • Look for flashes of blue in deciduous and mixed woodlands
  • Flight is characteristically bouncy
  • Observe bird feeders in gardens near wooded areas, where they may visit for nuts
  • Outside of the breeding season, jays may form small groups, but the species generally prefer a solitary existence
  • In the UK, watch for them gathering acorns in autumn

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Jay

Family:

Corvidae

Predators

Main predators include goshawks, sparrowhawks, and pine martens. Domestic cats may also prey on jays in urban and suburban areas.

Did You Know?

  1. Eurasian Jays can remember the locations of up to 3,000 stored acorns.
  2. The Jay is one of nature’s most important planters of acorns. They play a crucial role in forest ecology by dispersing tree seeds.
  3. These birds have been observed using tools in captivity, demonstrating their high intelligence.

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FAQs

How do Jays plant trees?

Jays shape the natural environment and create the habitats they require by planting oak trees. A single Jay may bury over 2,000 acorns before the winter, and many of these will germinate. By transporting acorns into old fields, Jays can even regenerate woodlands destroyed by human activities like farming.

Is a Jay a Magpie?

Jays and Magpies are both from the Corvidae family, although they are not the same birds. Magpies are pied, long-tailed birds from the Pica genus, while Jays are smaller, more colourful species from the Garrulus genus.

Are there Jays in London?

Despite their woodland heritage, Jays are reasonably common in London’s parks and gardens. There, they are more habituated to our presence and may be bolder and easier to observe than their wilder relatives.

References

  1. 1 2

    website: BirdLife International. 2017. Garrulus glandarius (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T103723684A118779004.

    View source
  2. 3

    report, 2015: EBCC