With its rosy blush and distinctive red cap, this small finch brightens up winter feeders across the Northern Hemisphere.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Common Redpoll is a small, streaky finch with a distinctive red forehead patch and black chin. Its body is primarily brown and white, with streaked flanks and a small, pointed yellow bill. Males display a rosy pink wash on their chest and rump.

Females are similar but lack the pink coloration, appearing more buff-brown overall. Juveniles resemble females but lack the red forehead patch until their first molt.

Size

Length

11.5cm to 14cm

Wingspan

19cm to 22cm

Weight

10g to 18g

Colours

Primary Colour

Brown White

Secondary Colour

Red Pink

Beak Colour

Yellow

Leg Colour

Black

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

Garden

Wetland

Coastal

Urban

Farmland

Grassland

Desert

Tundra

Rainforest

Mountain

Savanna

Distribution

Common Redpolls inhabit boreal forests, open woodland, and Arctic tundra across northern North America, Europe, and Asia. They breed in these northern regions, including Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia.

During winter, they may move southward in search of food, occasionally reaching the northern United States, UK, and central Europe in large numbers during irruptive years.

Elevation Range

Sea level to 3,000 meters

Climate zones

Subarctic, Temperate

Distribution Map

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Resident
Breeding
Non-breeding
Vagrant

Distribution by Region

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 85
Strength 30
Adaptability 90
Aggressiveness 25
Endurance 80

Diet

Common Redpolls mainly feed on small seeds, especially those of birch, alder, and other northern trees. They also consume buds, catkins, and insects during the breeding season.

Their specialized oesophagus allows them to store seeds temporarily, enabling feeding in exposed areas before retreating to shelter.

Behaviour

Common Redpolls are highly social, often seen in large, twittering flocks during winter. They are agile feeders, frequently hanging upside down on branch tips or seed heads to reach food.

During the breeding season, males perform aerial displays, singing while flying in wide circles to attract mates.

Vocalisation

Common Redpolls have a variety of calls, including a characteristic 'chut-chut-chut' in flight and a 'swee-ee-eet' contact call.

Their song, often heard during the breeding season, is a rapid series of trills and twitters, sometimes described as 'per-chik-o-ree' or 'chutta-chutta-chutta-chew'.

Nesting & Breeding

Common Redpolls form monogamous pairs during the breeding season, which typically begins in late spring. Males court females with aerial displays and soft warbling songs.

Nests are built by females, usually in low shrubs or on the ground. They are cup-shaped and constructed with twigs, grass, and moss, lined with feathers and plant down. Females lay 4-6 pale blue-green eggs with reddish-brown spots.

Incubation lasts about 11 days, performed solely by the female. Both parents feed the nestlings, which fledge after 9-14 days but remain dependent on adults for another two weeks.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 2 - 5 years
0
2
4
5
7

years

The Common Redpoll typically lives for 2 to 5 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [1]

While currently listed as Least Concern, Common Redpolls face threats from climate change affecting their breeding habitats. Conservation efforts focus on protecting boreal forests and Arctic tundra ecosystems.

Providing winter food sources in southern regions can also support populations during irruption years.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

50,000,000 - 149,999,999 mature individuals [2]

Global Population Trend

Decreasing[3]

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for flocks feeding on birch or alder trees in winter
  • Listen for their distinctive 'chut-chut-chut' call while in flight
  • Check backyard feeders during irruption years in southern parts of their range
  • Observe their acrobatic feeding behavior, often hanging upside down

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Redpoll, Mealy Redpoll

Family:

Fringillidae

Predators

Common Redpolls are preyed upon by various raptors, including Merlins, Sharp-shinned Hawks, and owls. Ground predators like foxes and weasels may also target nests.

Did You Know?

  1. Common Redpolls can survive temperatures as low as -65°C (-85°F).
  2. They have a special pouch in their oesophagus to store seeds for later consumption.
  3. During severe weather, these birds may tunnel into snow for insulation and protection.

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FAQs

How do you attract Redpolls?

Particularly in winter, when their natural sources of tree seeds may be running low, redpolls may venture into gardens to visit well-stocked feeders.

Niger seeds are a particular favorite.

References

  1. 1 2 3

    website: BirdLife International. 2019. Acanthis flammea (amended version of 2018 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22725044A155292529.

    View source