Brambling

Least Concern

Fringilla montifringilla

This winter visitor from northern forests brightens up gardens and woodlands with its vibrant orange breast and distinctive white rump.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Brambling is a striking small finch with a distinctive orange breast and shoulders, contrasting sharply with its black head in breeding males. Its white rump and belly stand out in flight, while the back is mottled brown and black. The wings feature prominent white patches and bars.

Females and winter males are less colourful, with buff-orange breasts and brownish heads. Both sexes display a yellowish bill that darkens to black at the tip during breeding season.

Size

Length

14cm to 16cm

Wingspan

23cm to 26cm

Weight

18g to 29g

Colours

Primary Colour

Orange Black White

Secondary Colour

Brown Grey

Beak Colour

Yellow Black

Leg Colour

Brown

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

Garden

Wetland

Coastal

Urban

Farmland

Grassland

Desert

Tundra

Rainforest

Mountain

Savanna

Distribution

Bramblings breed in northern boreal forests across Scandinavia and Siberia. During winter, they migrate south and west, reaching as far as the UK, southern Europe, and occasionally North Africa. They favour deciduous and mixed woodlands, particularly those with beech trees.

In the UK, Bramblings are winter visitors, and their numbers fluctuate greatly from year to year depending on food availability and weather conditions on the continent.

Elevation Range

Sea level to 2,000 meters

Climate zones

Temperate, Subarctic

Distribution Map

© 2025 - Birdfact
Resident
Breeding
Non-breeding
Passage
Vagrant

Distribution by Region

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 85
Strength 40
Adaptability 90
Aggressiveness 30
Endurance 80

Diet

Bramblings primarily feed on seeds, especially beech mast, influencing their winter distribution. They also consume small invertebrates, particularly during the breeding season, including springtails, aphids, bugs, earwigs, bees, ants, wasps and spiders.

In gardens, they readily visit bird feeders, showing a preference for sunflower seeds and niger seeds.

During summer, prey is found in foliage or picked from bark and leaves, while in the autumn and winter, it’s more common to see Bramblings foraging on the ground for fallen seeds.

Behaviour

Bramblings are highly social, often forming large flocks outside the breeding season. They have a characteristic bouncing flight and can be seen foraging on the ground in open woodlands.

During migration, they may gather in enormous numbers, creating spectacular roosting displays in favoured locations.

Vocalisation

The Brambling's call is a nasal, buzzing 'tsweee' or 'zhweee', often given in flight. Their song heard mainly in breeding areas, is a rapid, chattering warble interspersed with harsh notes, somewhat reminiscent of a squeaky wheel.

During winter, Bramblings are largely silent.

Nesting & Breeding

Breeding occurs from May to July in their northern range. Males establish territories and attract females with song flights and displays. Pairs form monogamous bonds for the breeding season.

Nests are typically built in trees, often birch or spruce, and are mainly constructed by the female using moss, lichen, and grass. The clutch usually consists of 5-7 pale blue or greenish eggs with reddish-brown spots.

Incubation lasts about 11-12 days, primarily by the female. Both parents feed the chicks, which fledge after 13-14 days. Families may remain together for a short period post-fledging before joining larger flocks.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 2 - 5 years
Max Recorded Lifespan 14.8 years [1]
0
4
8
13
17

years

The Brambling typically lives for 2 to 5 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 14.8 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [2]
While currently listed as Least Concern, Bramblings face threats from habitat loss in their breeding grounds and changes in agricultural practices in wintering areas. Climate change may also affect their migration patterns and food availability.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

120,000,000 - 199,999,999 mature individuals [3]

Global Population Trend

Decreasing[4]

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for Bramblings in mixed finch flocks during winter
  • Listen for their nasal 'tsweee' call, which is often the first sign of their presence
  • Check beech woods in autumn, where they feed on fallen beech mast
  • In the UK, scan garden bird feeders during cold snaps for visiting Bramblings

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Mountain Finch

Family:

Fringillidae

Predators

Bramblings are preyed upon by various raptors including Sparrowhawks and Merlins, as well as small mammals like weasels and stoats.

Did You Know?

  1. Bramblings can form enormous winter roosts, with one in Switzerland once estimated to contain 70 million birds.
  2. Their scientific name, Fringilla montifringilla, means 'mountain finch' in Latin.
  3. Bramblings are one of the few bird species that can digest beech nuts, giving them a competitive advantage in beech forests.

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References

  1. 2 3

    website: BirdLife International. 2016. Fringilla montifringilla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22720041A88203665.

    View source
  2. 4

    report, 2015: EBCC

  3. 1

    journalArticle, 2006: Moller, Sociality, age at first reproduction and senescence: comparative analyses of birds, J Evol Biol, 19:682-689

    View source