Black Lark
Least ConcernMelanocorypha yeltoniensis
Visual Identification
Black Lark
Appearance
The Black Lark is a striking bird with pronounced sexual dimorphism. Males are almost entirely black, with a slightly curved bill and robust build. Their plumage takes on a glossy sheen during the breeding season.
Females are significantly different, with brown upperparts streaked with darker markings and buff-coloured breasts with fine streaks. Both sexes have relatively short tails and strong legs suited for ground-dwelling.
During the winter, males moult into a plumage similar to females.
Size
Length
17cm to 20cm
Wingspan
35cm to 40cm
Weight
45g to 80g
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Black Larks inhabit the steppes and semi-desert regions of Central Asia, ranging from the Volga region in Russia to Kazakhstan and northwestern China. They prefer open, flat or gently rolling grasslands with sparse vegetation.
During winter, some populations move southward within their range, seeking areas with less snow cover. They are rarely seen in Western Europe, making them a sought-after species for birdwatchers in those regions.
Elevation Range
Up to 1,000 meters
Climate zones
Temperate, Arid
Distribution Map
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Diet
The Black Lark's diet consists primarily of seeds from grasses and other plants. During the breeding season, they supplement their diet with insects and other small invertebrates, which are especially important for feeding their young.
They forage by walking along the ground, picking food items from the soil surface.
Behaviour
Black Larks are primarily terrestrial, spending much of their time walking or running on the ground in search of food. They often form small flocks outside the breeding season, particularly in winter.
During courtship, males perform elaborate flight displays, ascending high into the air before descending with outstretched wings.
Vocalisation
The Black Lark's song is a melodious warble, often delivered during its display flight. The song includes a series of trills and whistles, sometimes described as 'tiri-tiri-tiri' or 'trr-trr-trr'.
When alarmed, they emit a sharp 'chit' call. Males are more vocal, especially during the breeding season.
Nesting & Breeding
Black Larks breed from late April to early July. Males establish territories and perform elaborate flight displays to attract females. Pairs are monogamous during the breeding season.
Nests are built on the ground, often in a small depression well-hidden among vegetation. The female constructs the nest using grass and plant stems and lining it with finer materials. A typical clutch consists of 3-5 eggs, which are pale with brown speckles.
The female incubates the eggs for about 12-13 days. Both parents feed the chicks, which fledge after approximately 10-11 days but remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks.
Lifespan
years
The Black Lark typically lives for 3 to 5 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
While currently listed as Least Concern, the Black Lark faces threats from habitat loss due to agricultural intensification and overgrazing. Climate change may also impact their breeding range.
Conservation efforts focus on maintaining suitable grassland habitats within their range.
Population Data
Global Population Estimate
Not quantified
Global Population Trend
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Black Larks in open grasslands and semi-desert areas
- Listen for their distinctive song, often delivered in flight
- Observe their ground-foraging behaviour, as they rarely perch in trees
- Watch for the male's striking black plumage, which stands out against the landscape
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Other names:
Yeltonian Lark
Family:
AlaudidaePredators
Main predators include birds of prey such as falcons and harriers, as well as ground predators like foxes and snakes that may raid nests.
Did You Know?
- The Black Lark is the only entirely black lark species in its range.
- Males moult into a brown plumage similar to females in winter, regaining their black feathers in spring.
- Despite their name, female Black Larks are predominantly brown.
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References
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website: BirdLife International. 2016. Melanocorypha yeltoniensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22717301A90011765.
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