With its distinctive upturned bill, this striking wader is a master at sifting through shallow waters for tiny aquatic prey.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Avocet is a striking wader, characterised by its long, slender legs and uniquely upturned bill. Its plumage is predominantly white, with bold black markings on the head, back, and wings, creating a striking contrast. The long, thin neck and compact body contribute to its elegant silhouette.

Whilst males and females are almost identical in markings, the black area of the wing tip on the male is larger than that of the female, who also has a slightly shorter bill. There are no significant seasonal changes.

Juveniles resemble adults but have a duller, brownish-black colouration, whereas adults are black, and their bills are shorter and less curved.

Size

Length

42cm to 45cm

Wingspan

77cm to 80cm

Weight

240g to 340g

Colours

Males and females have similar plumage

Primary Colour

White Black

Beak Colour

Black

Leg Colour

Blue

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

Garden

Wetland

Coastal

Urban

Farmland

Grassland

Desert

Tundra

Rainforest

Mountain

Savanna

Distribution

Avocets inhabit shallow, brackish wetlands, including coastal lagoons, estuaries, and inland lakes. They prefer areas with exposed mudflats for feeding and nesting. Their range extends across Europe, Central Asia, and parts of Africa.

In the UK, Avocets are found primarily in eastern and southern England during the breeding season. Some populations in southern Europe are resident, while others migrate to Africa for the winter. They have also been successfully reintroduced to parts of the Netherlands and Germany.

Elevation Range

Up to 3,000 meters

Climate zones

Temperate, Subtropical

Distribution Map

© 2025 - Birdfact
Resident
Breeding
Non-breeding
Passage
Vagrant

Distribution by Region

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 85
Strength 60
Adaptability 80
Aggressiveness 75
Endurance 70

Diet

Avocets mainly feed on aquatic invertebrates, including small crustaceans, insects, and worms.

Their uniquely shaped bill is perfectly adapted for sweeping through shallow water and mud, allowing them to capture prey by touch. This specialised feeding technique enables them to forage efficiently in turbid waters.

Behaviour

Avocets are known for their distinctive feeding technique: They sweep their upturned bills from side to side in shallow water to catch small invertebrates.

They are social birds, often seen in small flocks, and engage in synchronised swimming during courtship displays. During the breeding season, Avocets become fiercely territorial, aggressively defending their nesting areas from intruders.

Vocalisation

Avocets have a distinctive, high-pitched call often described as a clear, ringing 'kluit' or 'kluit-kluit'. This vocalisation is frequently heard during the breeding season, especially when defending territory or communicating with their mate.

They also produce softer, chattering sounds when in flocks.

Nesting & Breeding

Avocets typically form monogamous pairs each breeding season, which usually begins in April or May. Courtship involves elaborate displays, including synchronised swimming and aerial manoeuvres.

Nests are simple scrapes on the ground, often on islands or shorelines, lined with nearby vegetation. Females lay 3-4 olive-brown eggs with dark spots. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs.

Incubation lasts about 23-25 days. Chicks are precocial and able to leave the nest within hours of hatching. They fledge after 35-42 days but remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 10 - years
Max Recorded Lifespan 27.8 years [1]
0
7
15
22
30

years

The Avocet typically lives for 10 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 27.8 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [2]

While currently listed as Least Concern globally, Avocets have faced historical declines due to habitat loss. They've become a conservation success story in the UK, rebounding from near extinction in the 1940s.

Ongoing wetland protection and management are crucial for their continued success.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

280,000 - 470,000 mature individuals [3]

Global Population Trend

Unknown

Trend data may be uncertain or fluctuating

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for Avocets in shallow, brackish wetlands or coastal lagoons.
  • Observe their unique sweeping motion while feeding in shallow water.
  • Listen for their distinctive 'kluit-kluit' call, especially during breeding season.
  • In the UK, visit reserves like Minsmere or Titchwell Marsh for excellent viewing opportunities.
  • Bring a spotting scope to appreciate their elegant features from a distance.

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Pied Avocet

Predators

Main predators of Avocets include foxes, gulls, and birds of prey such as harriers and falcons. Eggs and chicks are particularly vulnerable to corvids and small mammals.

Did You Know?

  1. The Avocet is the emblem of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) in the UK.
  2. Avocet chicks can swim within hours of hatching but cannot fly for several weeks.
  3. Their upturned bill is an adaptation that allows them to feed uniquely, unlike most other waders.
  4. Avocets were reintroduced into the UK after the Second World War (having completely disappeared from Great Britain for over 100 years) following the deliberate flooding of marsh areas around East Anglia, which was returned to salt marsh during the war to deter possible German landings. These areas were ideally suited to avocets.

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References

  1. 2

    website: BirdLife International. 2021. Recurvirostra avosetta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693712A177125045.

    View source
  2. 3

    report, 2015: Wetlands International

  3. 1

    website, 2010: Fransson et al., EURING list of longevity records for European birds

    View source