Passerina ciris
Painted Bunting
The male Painted Bunting is a kaleidoscope of vibrant colors, with a bright blue head, red underparts, and green back. Its wings show a mix of green and reddish-brown, creating a striking contrast.
Females and juveniles are a uniform bright green above with yellowish-green underparts. This stark difference in plumage between sexes is a classic example of sexual dimorphism in birds.
Length
12cm to 14cm
Wingspan
21cm to 23cm
Weight
13g to 19g
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Painted Buntings inhabit semi-open areas with scattered trees and shrubs, including woodland edges, thickets, and overgrown fields.
In the United States, they breed in two distinct populations: along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to Florida and in the south-central states from Texas to Mississippi.
During winter, they migrate to Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico, and parts of Central America. Some individuals may overwinter in southern parts of their breeding range, particularly in coastal areas.
Up to 1,700 meters
Subtropical, Temperate
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Painted Buntings primarily feed on seeds, particularly those of grasses and forbs. During breeding season, they supplement their diet with insects and spiders, crucial for feeding nestlings.
They often forage on the ground or in low vegetation, using their stout beaks to crack open seeds.
Painted Buntings are typically shy and secretive, often hiding in dense vegetation. They forage on the ground or in low shrubs, hopping and fluttering between branches.
During the breeding season, males become more conspicuous, perching on exposed branches to sing and defend their territories.
The Painted Bunting's song is a series of high-pitched, sweet, warbling notes, often described as 'plik plik plik-o-lee chee-wee'.
Males sing persistently during the breeding season, especially in the early morning. Their call is a soft, metallic 'chip' or 'tink' sound used for communication between pairs or to signal an alarm.
Breeding season for Painted Buntings typically begins in late April to early May. Males establish territories and attract females with their vibrant plumage and melodious songs.
Females construct cup-shaped nests in dense vegetation, usually 3-6 feet above the ground. The nest is made of grasses, leaves, and bark, lined with finer materials. A typical clutch consists of 3-4 pale blue or greenish-white eggs with brown speckles.
Incubation lasts about 11-12 days, performed solely by the female. Both parents feed the nestlings, which fledge after 8-9 days but remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks.
The Painted Bunting typically lives for 5 to 10 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 12 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Although listed as Least Concern, the Painted Bunting faces threats to habitat loss and fragmentation. Coastal development in its breeding range and deforestation in wintering grounds pose significant threats.
Conservation efforts focus on protecting and restoring suitable habitats, particularly in coastal areas.
Nonpareil
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website: BirdLife International. 2018. Passerina ciris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22723957A131475071.
View sourcewebsite, 2018: Partners in Flight
View sourcebook, 1980: John Terres, The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds