Lesser Noddy
Least ConcernAnous tenuirostris
Visual Identification
Lesser Noddy
Appearance
The Lesser Noddy is a small, dark seabird with a distinctive appearance. Its plumage is predominantly blackish-brown, with a contrasting whitish cap that fades to ashy grey toward the back of the head. The bird has a black bill, dark brown eyes, and brownish-black legs.
There is little variation between males and females, and juveniles are similar but have a paler brown body color while maintaining the white cap pattern.
Size
Length
30cm to 34cm
Wingspan
58cm to 63cm
Weight
97g to 120g
Colours
Males and females have similar plumage
Primary Colour
Black Grey
Secondary Colour
White
Beak Colour
Black
Leg Colour
Black
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Lesser Noddies are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They inhabit coastal areas, particularly around coral reefs, atolls, and rocky offshore islands. These birds are common in the waters surrounding Australia, including the Great Barrier Reef.
During the non-breeding season, Lesser Noddies disperse widely across oceanic waters, though they generally remain within tropical latitudes. They are rarely seen far from their breeding colonies in coastal areas.
Elevation Range
Sea level to 10 meters
Climate zones
Tropical, Subtropical
Distribution Map
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Diet
Lesser Noddies primarily feed on small fish and squid, which they catch by plunge-diving or snatching prey from the water's surface. They often forage in large, mixed-species flocks, following schools of predatory fish that drive smaller prey to the surface.
When available, these birds may also consume planktonic crustaceans.
Behaviour
Lesser Noddies are highly social birds, often seen in large flocks both at sea and on their breeding grounds. They are graceful flyers, capable of long periods of gliding and hovering over the water's surface.
These birds are known for their unique 'nodding' courtship displays, where pairs bow and dip their heads in synchronisation.
Vocalisation
The Lesser Noddy has a distinctive vocalisation characterised by harsh, guttural croaks and rattles. Their calls are often described as a repeated 'krrr-krrr-krrr' or 'kar-kar-kar'.
These vocalisations are particularly noticeable in breeding colonies, where the combined noise of many birds can be quite loud and persistent.
Nesting & Breeding
Lesser Noddies typically breed in large, dense colonies on remote islands and atolls. Pair formation begins with elaborate courtship displays, including the characteristic 'nodding' behaviour. The breeding season varies by location but often coincides with periods of high food availability.
Nests are usually built in trees or bushes, constructed from seaweed, feathers, and other plant material cemented together with guano. Females lay a single egg, which is pale cream with dark spots.
Both parents share incubation duties for about 35 days. After hatching, chicks are cared for by both adults and fledge after approximately 6-7 weeks. Young birds may remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks after fledging.
Lifespan
The Lesser Noddy typically lives for 8 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 15 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
While the Lesser Noddy is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it faces threats from climate change and habitat loss. Rising sea levels and increased storm frequency could impact their breeding sites on low-lying islands.
Conservation efforts focus on protecting their nesting habitats and monitoring population trends.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Lesser Noddies near tropical and subtropical coasts, especially around coral reefs and atolls.
- Observe their distinctive flight pattern: graceful and buoyant, with frequent gliding.
- Listen for their harsh, croaking calls, which are often heard in large breeding colonies.
- Watch for their unique 'nodding' behaviour during courtship displays.
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Other names:
Sooty Noddy
Family:
LaridaePredators
Main predators of Lesser Noddies include large seabirds such as frigatebirds, gulls, and skuas, which may prey on eggs, chicks, and occasionally adults.
Did You Know?
- Lesser Noddies can drink saltwater thanks to special glands that remove excess salt from their bloodstream.
- These birds are known to sleep while flying, entering brief periods of sleep during long oceanic journeys.
- Lesser Noddies have been observed using tools and dropping small stones on seabird eggs to access the contents.
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References
- 2
website: BirdLife International. 2018. Anous tenuirostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694805A132575736.
View source - 3 4
report, 2006: Delany and Scott
- 1
website: ABBBS - Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme
View source