Branta canadensis
Canada Goose
The Canada Goose is characterized by its large size, long neck, and distinctive coloration. Its body is primarily brown with a black head and neck, white cheeks, and a white chinstrap. The underparts are typically lighter, ranging from pale grey to white.
Both males and females share similar plumage, with males generally slightly larger. Juveniles resemble adults but may have a duller coloration and less distinct white cheek patches.
Canada Geese have very similar plumage to the Cackling Goose, which is much smaller and has a shorter neck.
Length
76cm to 110cm
Wingspan
127cm to 185cm
Weight
3kg to 9kg
Males and females have similar plumage
Primary Colour
Brown Black White
Secondary Colour
Buff Grey
Beak Colour
Black
Leg Colour
Black
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Canada Geese are widely distributed across North America, from the Arctic tundra to subtropical regions. They thrive in various habitats, including wetlands, grasslands, and, increasingly, urban areas with open water and grassy spaces.
While native to North America, introduced populations have been established in parts of Europe, including the UK and New Zealand. Many northern populations migrate to the southern United States and Mexico in winter.
Sea level to 2,000 meters
Temperate, Subarctic, Subtropical
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Canada Geese are primarily herbivores, feeding on grasses, aquatic plants, and agricultural crops. They also consume small insects, crustaceans, and mollusks, especially during breeding. Their adaptable diet has contributed to their success in urban environments.
Their strong, serrated bills are ideal for tearing grass and uprooting plants, but they also feed on softer aquatic vegetation.
Canada Geese are highly social birds, often seen in large flocks. They are known for their V-shaped flying formations during migration, which helps conserve energy.
On land, they graze in groups, with some individuals acting as sentinels to watch for potential threats.
Canada Geese typically form monogamous pairs that may last for life. Breeding occurs in spring, with timing varying by latitude. Pairs often return to the same nesting site each year.
Nests are usually built on the ground near water, constructed of plant material and lined with down. Females lay 2-8 cream-colored eggs per clutch.
Incubation lasts about 28 days, and it is performed solely by the female while the male guards nearby. Goslings are precocial and can leave the nest within 24 hours of hatching, staying with their parents for up to two months.
years
The Canada Goose typically lives for 10 to 25 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 42 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
While the Canada Goose is not globally threatened, some populations face localized challenges.
In many urban areas, they are considered overabundant, leading to management efforts. Conservation focuses on maintaining healthy populations while mitigating human-wildlife conflicts.
Canadian Goose, Honker
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website: BirdLife International. 2018. Branta canadensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679935A131909406.
View sourcereport, 2015: Wetlands International