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California Gnatcatcher

Least Concern

Polioptila californica

This tiny, active songbird flits through the coastal sage scrub of Southern California, using its long tail like a rudder as it hunts for insects among the branches.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The California Gnatcatcher is a small, long-tailed songbird with grey plumage that varies in shade across its range. Males display a distinctive black cap during the breeding season, while their body features grey plumage with a brownish tinge.

Females are similar but lack the black cap and show more brown coloring, particularly on their backs and underparts. Both sexes have a thin bill and a white eye-ring, though this is less distinct in breeding males.

Size

Length

9.5cm to 10.6cm

Wingspan

14cm to 16cm

Weight

5g to 7g

Colours

Primary Colour

Grey

Secondary Colour

White Black Brown

Beak Colour

Black

Leg Colour

Black

Primary Colour (Female)

Grey

Secondary Colour (Female)

White Brown

Beak Colour (Female)

Black

Leg Colour (Female)

Black

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Woodland habitats.

Garden

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Garden habitats.

Wetland

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Wetland habitats.

Coastal

The California Gnatcatcher can be found in Coastal habitats.

Urban

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Urban habitats.

Farmland

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Farmland habitats.

Grassland

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Grassland habitats.

Desert

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Desert habitats.

Tundra

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Tundra habitats.

Rainforest

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Rainforest habitats.

Mountain

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Mountain habitats.

Savanna

The California Gnatcatcher is not typically found in Savanna habitats.

Distribution

The California Gnatcatcher is endemic to coastal regions of southern California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico. It inhabits coastal sage scrub communities characterized by low-growing, drought-deciduous shrubs.

This species is non-migratory and maintains year-round territories within its limited range. In the U.S., it is found from Ventura County south to San Diego County, with the highest concentrations in Orange and San Diego Counties.

Elevation Range

Sea level to 500 meters

Climate zones

Mediterranean

Distribution Map

This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a California Gnatcatcher. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.

A few things to keep in mind:

  • Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
  • Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
  • This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations

We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:

  • More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
  • How birds move around during different seasons
© 2025 - Birdfact
Resident

Distribution by Region

Species that can be found in the area throughout the year
Mexico United States of America

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

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Bird Attributes Explained

Our bird attributes system rates various aspects of a bird's capabilities on a scale of 0-100, based on data from field observations, scientific studies, and expert knowledge.

Attribute Categories:
  • Agility: Manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
  • Strength: Physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
  • Adaptability: Ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
  • Aggressiveness: Territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
  • Endurance: Stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.

Understanding the Ratings:

  • 0-20: Very Low
  • 21-40: Low
  • 41-60: Average
  • 61-80: High
  • 81-100: Very High

Remember, these attributes are relative to other bird species and don't necessarily indicate superiority.

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 85

Agility

Reflects the bird's manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.

The California Gnatcatcher displays remarkable agility, constantly flitting through dense vegetation whilst foraging. Their ability to hop between branches and catch insects on the wing demonstrates excellent manoeuvrability, particularly impressive for their tiny size.

Strength 15

Strength

Indicates the bird's physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.

As a diminutive songbird weighing only 5-7 grams, the California Gnatcatcher possesses limited physical strength. Their lightweight frame is optimised for agile movement rather than power, suitable for their insectivorous lifestyle.

Adaptability 70

Adaptability

Represents the bird's ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.

Whilst specialised to coastal sage scrub habitats, these birds show decent adaptability within their niche. They can survive without drinking water, obtain moisture from prey, and adjust their diet seasonally to include berries when available. However, their strict habitat requirements limit their overall adaptability.

Aggressiveness 40

Aggressiveness

Measures the bird's territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.

Though not particularly aggressive towards other species, California Gnatcatchers maintain year-round territories and will defend their nesting areas. They exhibit moderate territorial behaviour, particularly during breeding season, but aren't notably confrontational.

Endurance 55

Endurance

Reflects the bird's stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.

These birds demonstrate moderate endurance through their continuous foraging activities and territory maintenance. Their resident status requires consistent energy expenditure, though they typically operate within a limited range rather than undertaking lengthy flights or migrations.

Diet

California Gnatcatchers primarily feed on small arthropods, with a preference for insects and spiders. They glean prey from foliage while moving through shrubs and occasionally catch flying insects. Their diet may include small berries during certain seasons.

Behaviour

California Gnatcatchers are active foragers, constantly moving through vegetation in search of insects. They often flit their long tails while hopping between branches.

These birds are typically seen in pairs, maintaining year-round territories and exhibiting strong pair bonds.

Vocalisation

The California Gnatcatcher's most distinctive vocalization is a soft, mewing call often described as a kitten-like "meeew." This call is used for contact between pairs and to signal alarm.

During the breeding season, males produce a thin, rising whistle as part of their courtship display.

Nesting & Breeding

California Gnatcatchers form monogamous pairs and begin breeding in late February to early March. Males perform courtship displays, including singing and presenting nesting material to females.

Nests are small, cup-shaped structures made of grasses, plant fibers, and spider webs, typically placed in dense shrubs about 1 meter above the ground. Females lay 3-5 pale blue to white eggs with reddish-brown spots.

Both parents incubate the eggs for about 14 days and care for the nestlings. Young fledge after 10-15 days but may remain with parents for several weeks.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 3 - 5 years
Max Recorded Lifespan 8 years
0
3
5
8
10

years

The California Gnatcatcher typically lives for 3 to 5 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 8 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [1]

The California Gnatcatcher is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN and faces significant threats due to habitat loss from urban development and fragmentation of coastal sage scrub ecosystems.

Conservation efforts focus on protecting and restoring their specialized habitat, with several areas designated as critical habitat under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

80,000 mature individuals [2]

Global Population Trend

Trend data may be uncertain or fluctuating

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for their distinctive tail-flicking behavior in coastal sage scrub habitats.
  • Listen for their kitten-like mewing call, which is often the easiest way to locate them.
  • Observe early morning when they are most active and vocal.
  • Use binoculars to spot their white eye-ring and thin bill.

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Coastal California Gnatcatcher

Predators

Main predators include Cooper's Hawks, Loggerhead Shrikes, snakes, and domestic cats. Nest predators also include jays, crows, and rodents.

Did You Know?

  1. California Gnatcatchers can survive without drinking water, obtaining moisture from their insect prey.
  2. They are considered an indicator species for the health of coastal sage scrub ecosystems.
  3. Despite their name, gnatcatchers rarely eat gnats, preferring larger insects and spiders.

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Community Experience

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References

  1. 1

    website: BirdLife International. 2021. Polioptila californica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22711585A139563279.

    View source
  2. 3

    report, 2019: Partners in Flight

  3. 2

    website, 2019: Partners in Flight

    View source