Magellanic Penguin
Least ConcernSpheniscus magellanicus
Visual Identification
Magellanic Penguin
Appearance
Magellanic Penguins are medium-sized penguins with distinctive black and white plumage. They have a black back and head, with a white belly and a horseshoe-shaped band of white feathers extending from their throat to behind their eyes.
Adults have two black bands across their chest, while juveniles have a single, less defined band. Their flippers are black on the outer side and white underneath, adapted for swimming rather than flying.
Size
Length
60cm to 75cm
Wingspan
76cm to 91cm
Weight
2.7kg to 6.5kg
Colours
Males and females have similar plumage
Primary Colour
Black White
Secondary Colour
Grey Pink
Beak Colour
Black
Leg Colour
Black Pink
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Magellanic Penguins inhabit the coasts and offshore islands of southern South America, including Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands. They prefer temperate to cool coastal waters and breed on rocky or sandy shores with sparse vegetation.
During non-breeding seasons, these penguins migrate northward, sometimes reaching as far as Brazil and Peru. They spend much of their time at sea, coming ashore mainly for breeding and moulting.
Elevation Range
Sea level to 85 meters
Climate zones
Temperate, Subantarctic
Distribution Map
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Diet
Magellanic Penguins primarily feed on small fish such as anchovies, sardines, and squid. They are skilled hunters, diving to depths of up to 70 meters to catch their prey.
During the breeding season, they often forage closer to their nesting sites, making shorter trips to feed their chicks.
Behaviour
Magellanic Penguins are excellent swimmers, using their flippers to 'fly' underwater at speeds up to 15 mph.
They form large breeding colonies in coastal areas, often returning to the same nesting site each year. These penguins are known for their distinctive braying call.
Vocalisation
Magellanic Penguins are known for their loud, braying calls that sound similar to a donkey's bray. Their vocalisations include a series of short, sharp 'ah-ah-ah' sounds, often used in territorial disputes or to locate mates and chicks in crowded colonies.
Nesting & Breeding
Breeding season for Magellanic Penguins typically begins in September. They form monogamous pairs and often return to the same nesting site year after year. Nests are built in burrows or under bushes, providing protection from predators and harsh weather.
Females usually lay two eggs, which are incubated by both parents for about 40 days. The eggs are pale green or blue-green in colour and slightly larger than chicken eggs.
Chicks are cared for by both parents, who take turns guarding the nest and foraging for food. The young penguins fledge after about 70 days, usually in late January or February.
Lifespan
The Magellanic Penguin typically lives for 15 to 20 years, with a maximum recorded lifespan of 30 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
Magellanic Penguins face threats from oil spills, overfishing, and climate change. Conservation efforts focus on protecting breeding sites, regulating fishing practices, and mitigating the impacts of oil pollution.
Several organisations work to rehabilitate penguins affected by oil spills and monitor population trends.
Birdwatching Tips
- Visit coastal areas of southern South America during breeding season (September to March)
- Look for large colonies on rocky or sandy shores
- Observe their distinctive waddling gait on land
- Listen for their loud, donkey-like braying calls
- Watch for their swift, graceful movements when swimming
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Family:
SpheniscidaePredators
Main predators include sea lions, leopard seals, and orcas in the water, while on land, they face threats from foxes, large seabirds, and introduced species like cats.
Did You Know?
- Magellanic Penguins can drink saltwater thanks to special glands that filter out excess salt.
- They can dive to depths of over 70 meters and stay underwater for up to 2-3 minutes.
- These penguins undergo a complete moult once a year, replacing all their feathers in about 2-3 weeks.
- The oldest recorded captive Magellanic Penguin, Captain Eo, lived until 40 years old at San Francisco Zoo and died in 2022.
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References
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website: BirdLife International. 2020. Spheniscus magellanicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697822A157428850.
View source - 1
journalArticle, 1990: Scolaro, On a longevity record of the Magellanic penguin, J Field Ornithol, 61:377-484