Cocoi Heron

Ardea cocoi

Least Concern
With its regal posture and striking black crown, this towering wader commands attention along South American waterways.
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Visual Identification

Appearance

The Cocoi Heron is a rather grand bird, standing up to 127 cm tall and reaching 195 cm in wingspan. Its body is predominantly light grey, contrasting with a white neck and black crown. The long, sharp yellow bill and black legs complete its striking appearance.

Both sexes look similar, with no significant seasonal plumage changes. Juveniles have a duller plumage, lacking the bold black markings of adults and showing a greyish bill.

Size

Length

95cm to 127cm

Wingspan

170cm to 195cm

Weight

1.9kg to 2.8kg

Colours

Males and females have similar plumage

Primary Colour

Grey White

Secondary Colour

Black

Beak Colour

Yellow

Leg Colour

Black

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Woodland habitats.

Garden

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Garden habitats.

Wetland

The Cocoi Heron can be found in Wetland habitats.

Coastal

The Cocoi Heron can be found in Coastal habitats.

Urban

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Urban habitats.

Farmland

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Farmland habitats.

Grassland

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Grassland habitats.

Desert

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Desert habitats.

Tundra

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Tundra habitats.

Rainforest

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Rainforest habitats.

Mountain

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Mountain habitats.

Savanna

The Cocoi Heron is not typically found in Savanna habitats.

Distribution

Cocoi Herons are widely distributed across South America, from Colombia and Venezuela to Argentina and Chile. They inhabit a variety of freshwater and coastal wetlands, including marshes, swamps, mangroves, and the edges of lakes and rivers.

While primarily resident in most of their range, some populations in the southern parts of South America may move northward during the austral winter.

Elevation Range

Up to 2,500 meters

Climate zones

Tropical, Subtropical

Distribution Map

This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a Cocoi Heron. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.

A few things to keep in mind:

  • Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
  • Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
  • This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations

We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:

  • More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
  • How birds move around during different seasons
© 2024 - Birdfact
Resident
Vagrant

Distribution by Region

Species that can be found in the area throughout the year
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador French Guiana Guyana Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela
Species that appear infrequently (rare) and unpredictably outside their normal range
Falkland Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

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Bird Attributes Explained

Our bird attributes system rates various aspects of a bird's capabilities on a scale of 0-100, based on data from field observations, scientific studies, and expert knowledge.

Attribute Categories:
  • Agility: Manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
  • Strength: Physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
  • Adaptability: Ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
  • Aggressiveness: Territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
  • Endurance: Stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.

Understanding the Ratings:

  • 0-20: Very Low
  • 21-40: Low
  • 41-60: Average
  • 61-80: High
  • 81-100: Very High

Remember, these attributes are relative to other bird species and don't necessarily indicate superiority.

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 75

Agility

Reflects the bird's manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.

The Cocoi Heron demonstrates considerable agility in its precise hunting technique, striking at prey with lightning speed. Its ability to navigate through various wetland habitats and perch in high tree nests also suggests good manoeuvrability.

Strength 70

Strength

Indicates the bird's physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.

As one of the largest heron species in the Americas, standing up to 127 cm tall with a wingspan reaching 195 cm, the Cocoi Heron possesses significant strength. This is evident in its ability to carry large sticks for nest building and to handle sizeable prey such as fish and small mammals.

Adaptability 80

Adaptability

Represents the bird's ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.

The Cocoi Heron shows high adaptability, thriving in diverse wetland habitats from coastal areas to freshwater systems up to 2500 metres in elevation. Its partial migratory behaviour and ability to adjust to seasonal changes further demonstrate its adaptability.

Aggressiveness 60

Aggressiveness

Measures the bird's territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.

While not overtly aggressive, the Cocoi Heron displays a degree of assertiveness in its hunting behaviour and likely in defending its territory during breeding season. However, its tendency to forage solitarily suggests it's not excessively aggressive towards its own kind.

Endurance 85

Endurance

Reflects the bird's stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.

The Cocoi Heron exhibits remarkable endurance, particularly in its hunting strategy. Its ability to stand motionless for extended periods, sometimes over an hour, while hunting demonstrates exceptional stamina. Additionally, its potential for long-distance flights during partial migration indicates good endurance.

Diet

The Cocoi Heron's diet primarily consists of fish, which it catches with its sharp bill. It also feeds on amphibians, small reptiles, crustaceans, and occasionally small mammals.

These herons employ a patient hunting strategy. They stand still or slowly stalk through shallow water before rapidly striking at prey.

Behaviour

Cocoi Herons are often seen standing motionless in shallow water, patiently waiting to strike at fish with lightning speed. They are generally solitary foragers but may gather in small groups during breeding season. These herons are known for their slow, deliberate walks and their ability to remain still for long periods while hunting.

Vocalisation

The Cocoi Heron's call is a harsh, guttural croaking sound, often described as a deep 'frahnk' or 'wok'. During the breeding season, they become more vocal, producing a series of loud, resonant calls that can be heard echoing across their wetland habitats.

Nesting & Breeding

Cocoi herons' breeding season varies by region but generally occurs during the rainy season. They often nest in mixed-species colonies, sometimes alongside other heron species.

Nests are large platforms of sticks, usually placed high in trees near water. Females typically lay 2-4 pale blue eggs per clutch.

Both parents share incubation duties, which last about 24-28 days. Chicks fledge after approximately 7-8 weeks but may continue to be fed by parents for several more weeks.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [1]

While the Cocoi Heron is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it faces threats from habitat loss due to wetland drainage and deforestation. Conservation efforts focus on protecting and restoring wetland habitats throughout South America.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

5,000,000 - 49,999,999 mature individuals [2]

Global Population Trend

[3]

Trend data may be uncertain or fluctuating

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for Cocoi Herons in open wetlands, marshes, and along riverbanks.
  • Observe early morning or late afternoon when they are most active.
  • Listen for their distinctive harsh croaking call, especially during breeding season.
  • Watch for their patient hunting behavior, standing motionless before striking at prey.

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

White-necked Heron

Family:

Ardeidae

Average Lifespan

15 to 20 years

Predators

Adult Cocoi Herons have few natural predators, but eggs and chicks are vulnerable to raptors, large snakes, and mammals such as raccoons and opossums.

Did You Know?

  1. The Cocoi Heron is one of the largest heron species in the Americas.
  2. Its scientific name, Ardea cocoi, is derived from 'cocoi', a local name used in parts of South America.
  3. These herons can stand motionless for extended periods while hunting, sometimes for over an hour.

References

  1. 1 3

    website: BirdLife International. 2021. Ardea cocoi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22697001A163802666.

    View source
  2. 2

    report, 2019: Partners in Flight

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