White-tailed Robin
Myiomela leucura
Visual Identification
Appearance
The White-tailed Robin has two distinct varieties. The standard variety's male has a striking bluish-black plumage with shiny mid-blue features on its forehead and shoulders, complemented by a distinctive white tail pattern that covers about two-thirds of the outer tail feathers. A small white neck patch is sometimes visible.
Females are quite different, appearing primarily mouse-brown above and buff-brown below, with the same white tail pattern as males. They also show a subtle white throat crescent. The Cambodian variety is similar but slightly smaller, with males appearing more slaty blue and females showing darker, more olive-toned colouring.
Both varieties share black bills and legs across all plumages.
Size
Length
16cm to 18cm
Wingspan
24cm to 28cm
Weight
20g to 30g
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
White-tailed Robins inhabit subtropical and temperate montane forests across parts of South and Southeast Asia. They are found in countries such as India, Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of China, typically at elevations between 500 and 2,700 meters.
These birds prefer dense undergrowth in evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, often near streams or in areas with high humidity. They are non-migratory, maintaining their territories year-round in suitable habitats.
Elevation Range
500 to 2,700 meters
Climate zones
Subtropical, Temperate
Distribution Map
This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a White-tailed Robin. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.
A few things to keep in mind:
- Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
- Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
- This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations
We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:
- More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
- How birds move around during different seasons
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Share your thoughtsBird Attributes Explained
Our bird attributes system rates various aspects of a bird's capabilities on a scale of 0-100, based on data from field observations, scientific studies, and expert knowledge.
Attribute Categories:
- Agility: Manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
- Strength: Physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
- Adaptability: Ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
- Aggressiveness: Territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
- Endurance: Stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
Understanding the Ratings:
- 0-20: Very Low
- 21-40: Low
- 41-60: Average
- 61-80: High
- 81-100: Very High
Remember, these attributes are relative to other bird species and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Hover over the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Agility
Reflects the bird's manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
Demonstrates excellent manoeuvrability in dense undergrowth, capable of quick, short flights to catch insects, and shows precise control when foraging on forest floors. Their tail-cocking behaviour and ability to navigate through thick vegetation suggests sophisticated spatial awareness.
Strength
Indicates the bird's physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
As a small passerine weighing only 20-30g, the White-tailed Robin possesses modest strength typical of its size class. Whilst capable of catching insects and managing nest materials, it's not built for powerful activities.
Adaptability
Represents the bird's ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
Shows strong adaptability through its presence across various elevations (500-2,700m) and different forest types. Successfully inhabits both subtropical and temperate zones, though remains dependent on specific forest habitats with dense undergrowth.
Aggressiveness
Measures the bird's territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
Exhibits moderate territorial behaviour, particularly during breeding season when males defend their territories through song. Generally solitary or found in pairs, showing limited aggressive tendencies except when necessary for territory defence.
Endurance
Reflects the bird's stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
Maintains year-round territories in mountainous regions and actively forages throughout the day, indicating good stamina. Their non-migratory nature and ability to thrive at varying elevations suggests decent endurance, though they're not known for particularly lengthy flights.
Diet
The White-tailed Robin primarily feeds on insects and other small invertebrates. They forage on the forest floor, using their sharp eyesight to spot prey among leaf litter.
Occasionally, they supplement their diet with small berries and fruits, especially during the non-breeding season.
Behaviour
White-tailed Robins are typically solitary or found in pairs, exhibiting a preference for foraging on or near the ground. They often perch low in undergrowth, making short flights to catch insects.
These birds are known for their habit of cocking their tails upwards, especially after alighting, which helps to display their distinctive white tail feathers.
Vocalisation
The White-tailed Robin's song is a series of clear, melodious whistles, often described as 'tee-tee-tee-tew-tew'. Their calls include a sharp 'chik' alarm note and a softer 'tuk-tuk' contact call.
Males are particularly vocal during the breeding season, singing from exposed perches to defend territory and attract mates.
Nesting & Breeding
Breeding season for White-tailed Robins typically occurs from April to July, coinciding with the onset of monsoon rains in much of their range. Males establish territories and attract females with their melodious songs.
Nests are cup-shaped structures made of moss, leaves, and fine plant fibres, usually placed low in dense vegetation or tree hollows. Females lay 2-4 pale blue eggs with reddish-brown speckles.
Incubation lasts about 14 days, primarily carried out by the female. Both parents participate in feeding the nestlings, which fledge after approximately 12-14 days but remain dependent on their parents for several weeks after that.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
While the White-tailed Robin is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it faces localised threats from habitat loss due to deforestation in parts of its range.
Conservation efforts focus on protecting montane forest habitats, which are crucial for this species' survival.
Population Data
Global Population Estimate
Unknown
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for flashes of white as they flick their tails in undergrowth
- Listen for their melodious song, especially during breeding season
- Search in dense forest understory, particularly in mountainous areas
- Observe early morning or late afternoon when they are most active
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Predators
Main predators include birds of prey such as sparrowhawks and owls, as well as small carnivorous mammals like martens and civets.
Did You Know?
- The White-tailed Robin's scientific name, Myiomela leucura, means 'white-tailed song bird' in Greek.
- Despite their name, these birds are not closely related to European robins.
- They play a role in seed dispersal by consuming and later excreting small fruits.
References
- 1 2
website: BirdLife International. 2024. Myiomela leucura. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T103768823A263830594.
View source - 3
other: Lifespan estimate based on similar species
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