Purple Grenadier
Least ConcernGranatina ianthinogaster
Visual Identification
Purple Grenadier
Appearance
The Purple Grenadier is a striking small finch. Males showcase vibrant blue and purple plumage. Their bodies are predominantly violet-blue, contrasting with a chestnut-brown belly and flanks. The face features a distinctive red mask around the eyes.
Females are less colorful, with mostly brown plumage, but still display a blue tail and rump. Both sexes have red beaks and pink legs, contributing to their eye-catching appearance.
Juveniles are quite similar to females, but they lack patches on the face and the spots and barring on the chest.
Size
Length
11cm to 13cm
Wingspan
14cm to 16cm
Weight
10g to 14g
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Purple Grenadiers inhabit savanna and grassland regions across eastern Africa, from Ethiopia and Somalia south to Tanzania and east to Kenya. They prefer areas with scattered trees and shrubs, often near water sources.
These birds are non-migratory, maintaining their presence in suitable habitats year-round. They may make local movements in response to seasonal changes in food availability or rainfall patterns.
Elevation Range
Up to 2,000 meters
Climate zones
Tropical, Subtropical
Distribution Map
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Diet
Purple Grenadiers primarily feed on small seeds from grasses and other plants. They supplement their diet with insects, especially during the breeding season, particularly termites and small spiders.
These birds are often seen foraging on the ground or clinging to grass stems to reach seed heads.
Behaviour
Purple Grenadiers are social birds, often seen in small flocks or pairs. They exhibit a bouncy flight pattern and are known for their energetic hopping and flitting between branches while foraging.
During courtship, males perform elaborate displays, puffing out their feathers and singing to attract females.
Vocalisation
Purple Grenadiers are fairly vocal birds, and have a pleasant, melodious song consisting of soft warbles and trills. Their calls include a variety of gentle chirps and tweets, often described as 'tseee-tseee' or 'zwee-zwee'.
During courtship, males produce more elaborate and prolonged singing performances.
Nesting & Breeding
Breeding occurs during the rainy season, typically between March and May. Males court females with elaborate displays and soft songs. Pairs form monogamous bonds for the breeding season.
For the courtship display, males will either hold a grass stem or feather in their beaks and bob up and down near a female. They will then stretch the neck will the bill facing up before bowing the head side to side. Interesting females will fly over to the male and sometimes join in with the bobbing up and down.
Nests are spherical structures made of grass, lined with soft materials, and often hidden in dense vegetation or low bushes. Females lay 3-5 small white eggs per clutch.
Both parents share incubation duties, which last about 12-14 days. Chicks fledge after approximately 3 weeks but may remain with their parents for several more weeks before becoming fully independent.
Lifespan
years
The Purple Grenadier typically lives for 5 to 8 years.
Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
Currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, Purple Grenadiers have a stable population across their range. However, they face localized threats from habitat loss due to agricultural expansion and overgrazing.
Conservation efforts focus on maintaining suitable savanna and grassland habitats.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Purple Grenadiers in open savanna and grassland areas with scattered trees and shrubs.
- Listen for their soft, melodious warbling calls to locate them.
- Observe them near water sources, especially during dry seasons.
- Use binoculars to spot their distinctive red eye masks and vibrant plumage.
- Although fairly common throughout their range, they are quite secretive birds and are often found foraging in a pair, small group or on their own
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Other names:
Purple Indigo Bird
Family:
EstrildidaePredators
Main predators include small raptors such as sparrowhawks, shrikes, and occasionally snakes that raid nests for eggs and chicks.
Did You Know?
- Male Purple Grenadiers can change the intensity of their blue plumage to appear more attractive during courtship.
- These birds are sometimes kept as pets due to their vibrant colors and pleasant songs.
- Purple Grenadiers often associate with other finch species in mixed feeding flocks.
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References
- 1 3
website: BirdLife International. 2016. Granatina ianthinogaster. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22719504A94630724.
View source - 2
report, 1999: Clement