Lineated Woodpecker
Dryocopus lineatus
Visual Identification
Appearance
The Lineated Woodpecker is a striking, large woodpecker with bold black and white plumage. Its most distinctive features include a bright red crest, white stripes on the face and neck, and a long, chisel-like bill.
Males have a red malar stripe (mustache) and a fully red crest, while females lack the malar stripe and have a black forehead. Both sexes display black wings with white barring and a white line down the back.
Size
Length
32cm to 38cm
Wingspan
49cm to 58cm
Weight
180g to 280g
Colours
Primary Colour
Black White Red
Beak Colour
Grey
Leg Colour
Grey
Habitat and Distribution
Habitats
Woodland
Garden
Wetland
Coastal
Urban
Farmland
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Mountain
Savanna
Distribution
Lineated Woodpeckers inhabit a wide range of forested habitats from Mexico through Central America and into South America, including parts of Argentina and Brazil. They prefer mature forests but can also be found in secondary growth and partially cleared areas.
These woodpeckers are non-migratory and maintain year-round territories. They are particularly common in tropical and subtropical regions, adapting to various forest types, including rainforests, deciduous woodlands, and gallery forests along rivers.
Elevation Range
Sea level to 2,100 meters
Climate zones
Tropical, Subtropical
Distribution Map
This map gives you a rough idea of where you might spot a Lineated Woodpecker. The coloured areas show countries where these birds have been seen.
A few things to keep in mind:
- Birds might not be everywhere in the coloured areas, for example, they may be present around the coast of that country
- Where birds live can change with seasons and available food
- This map is quite simple - it doesn't show exact locations
We're working on making our maps even better! Soon, we hope to show you:
- More detailed maps for bigger countries, including state and region
- How birds move around during different seasons
Distribution by Region
Behaviour and Ecology
Bird Attributes
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Share your thoughtsBird Attributes Explained
Our bird attributes system rates various aspects of a bird's capabilities on a scale of 0-100, based on data from field observations, scientific studies, and expert knowledge.
Attribute Categories:
- Agility: Manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
- Strength: Physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
- Adaptability: Ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
- Aggressiveness: Territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
- Endurance: Stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
Understanding the Ratings:
- 0-20: Very Low
- 21-40: Low
- 41-60: Average
- 61-80: High
- 81-100: Very High
Remember, these attributes are relative to other bird species and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Hover over the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.
Agility
Reflects the bird's manoeuvrability, speed, and grace in flight or movement.
The Lineated Woodpecker demonstrates remarkable agility, adeptly manoeuvring on vertical tree trunks and branches. Its ability to rotate its zygodactyl feet for better grip and its undulating flight pattern between trees indicate high levels of agility in both arboreal and aerial environments.
Strength
Indicates the bird's physical power, often correlating with size and hunting abilities.
With its powerful bill capable of excavating deep into tree trunks and its ability to drum loudly on trees, the Lineated Woodpecker exhibits considerable strength. Its size (32-38 cm in length) and weight (180-280 g) also contribute to its robust physical capabilities.
Adaptability
Represents the bird's ability to thrive in various environments or changing conditions.
This species shows good adaptability, inhabiting various forest types from sea level to 2,100 metres elevation. Its diet flexibility, including insects, fruits, and occasionally small vertebrates, further demonstrates its adaptable nature. However, its preference for mature forests suggests some limitations.
Aggressiveness
Measures the bird's territorial behaviour and assertiveness, particularly during breeding seasons.
While not overtly aggressive towards other species, Lineated Woodpeckers maintain year-round territories and engage in loud drumming for territorial signalling. Their powerful excavation for food and nesting also indicates a degree of assertiveness in their behaviour.
Endurance
Reflects the bird's stamina, often seen in migration patterns or foraging behaviours.
The Lineated Woodpecker's endurance is evident in its ability to maintain year-round territories, engage in extensive foraging activities, and perform energy-intensive drumming and excavation. Their non-migratory nature and capacity for sustained physical activity in challenging arboreal environments suggest good endurance.
Diet
Lineated Woodpeckers primarily feed on wood-boring insects, especially beetle larvae and ants. They use their strong bills to excavate deep into tree trunks and branches to extract prey.
Their diet also includes fruits, nuts, and occasionally small vertebrates, demonstrating their adaptability as foragers.
Behaviour
Lineated Woodpeckers are often seen foraging on tree trunks and large branches, using their powerful bills to excavate insects. They are typically found in pairs, maintaining year-round territories.
These woodpeckers are known for their loud drumming on trees, which serves as both a territorial signal and a means of communication.
Vocalisation
The Lineated Woodpecker has a loud, far-carrying call often described as a series of ringing 'wik-wik-wik' or 'kweek-kweek-kweek' notes.
Their drumming is powerful and resonant, consisting of rapid bursts that can last several seconds. During territorial displays, they may produce a softer, wicka-wicka-wicka sound.
Nesting & Breeding
Breeding pairs of Lineated Woodpeckers typically form long-term bonds. The breeding season varies across their range but often coincides with the dry season in tropical areas. Both males and females participate in nest excavation, creating large cavities in dead trees or snags.
Females usually lay 2-3 white eggs in the nest cavity. Both parents incubate the eggs for about 14-16 days. The altricial chicks are born naked and blind, requiring extensive parental care.
Both parents feed and care for the nestlings, which fledge after approximately 28-30 days. The young may remain with their parents for several weeks after fledging, learning essential foraging skills.
Conservation and Status
Global Conservation Status
The Lineated Woodpecker is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. However, like many forest-dwelling species, it faces threats from habitat loss due to deforestation in parts of its range.
Conservation efforts focus on preserving large tracts of mature forest, which are crucial for this species' survival.
Birdwatching Tips
- Listen for their loud, resonant drumming on trees
- Look for their distinctive black and white plumage with red crest in forested areas
- Observe dead trees or snags, where they often forage
- Watch for their undulating flight pattern between trees
Additional Information
Quick Facts
Predators
Main predators include large raptors such as hawks and eagles, as well as arboreal snakes and mammals like monkeys and coatis.
Did You Know?
- Lineated Woodpeckers can rotate their zygodactyl feet, with two toes facing forward and two backward, for better grip on tree trunks.
- Their strong, elastic tongues can extend up to 4 inches beyond the tip of the bill to extract insects from deep within trees.
- These woodpeckers play a crucial role in forest ecosystems by creating nesting cavities that other species later use.
Similar Birds
References
- 1
website: BirdLife International. 2016. Hylatomus lineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22726489A94923540.
View source - 2 3
report, 2002: del Hoyo et al.
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