Australian Bustard

Least Concern

Ardeotis australis

With its regal strut and impressive size, this iconic outback bird cuts a striking figure across Australia's open grasslands.

Visual Identification

Appearance

The Australian Bustard is a large, ground-dwelling bird with long legs and a slender neck. Males are significantly larger, reaching up to 1.2 meters in height. They sport a distinctive black cap, white eyebrows, and a black breast band that contrasts with their grey-brown plumage.

Females are smaller and less conspicuous, with mottled brown and grey feathers providing excellent camouflage. Both sexes have a pale grey beak and long, yellow legs. Juveniles resemble females but have more streaking on their upperparts.

Size

Length

100cm to 140cm

Wingspan

190cm to 230cm

Weight

4.5kg to 12kg

Colours

Primary Colour

Brown Black White

Secondary Colour

Grey

Beak Colour

Grey

Leg Colour

Yellow

Habitat and Distribution

Habitats

Woodland

Garden

Wetland

Coastal

Urban

Farmland

Grassland

Desert

Tundra

Rainforest

Mountain

Savanna

Distribution

Australian Bustards inhabit open country across Australia, including grasslands, sparse woodlands, and inland scrublands. They prefer areas with a mix of native grasses and open ground for foraging and displaying.

While primarily found in mainland Australia, they occasionally appear in southern New Guinea. Their distribution can vary seasonally, with birds moving in response to rainfall and food availability, showcasing their nomadic nature.

Elevation Range

Sea level to 1,000 meters

Climate zones

Arid, Tropical, Subtropical

Distribution Map

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Resident

Distribution by Region

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Behaviour and Ecology

Bird Attributes

Tap the icon next to each attribute for more information.

Agility 65
Strength 80
Adaptability 85
Aggressiveness 40
Endurance 75

Diet

Australian Bustards are omnivorous, feeding on a diverse diet that includes insects, small vertebrates, seeds, and fruits.

They are particularly fond of grasshoppers and are known to follow bushfires to prey on fleeing insects and small animals. Their foraging behaviour helps control agricultural pests in some areas.

These birds are ground feeders and mainly feed during the morning and later in the afternoon. When they find food, they use their short bills to grab things and then swallow them whole.

Behaviour

Australian Bustards are known for their elaborate courtship displays, where males inflate a large throat sac and strut with fanned tail feathers. They are generally solitary but may form small groups when food is abundant.

These birds are mainly terrestrial, preferring to walk or run rather than fly, but are capable of swift flight when necessary.

Vocalisation

Australian Bustard's are predominantly quiet birds, but their most distinctive call is a deep, resonant 'oom' sound produced by males during courtship. This booming call can carry for long distances across open landscapes.

Females and non-breeding birds may emit softer grunts or hisses, particularly when alarmed.

Nesting & Breeding

The breeding season for Australian Bustards typically coincides with periods of abundant food, often following rains. Males perform elaborate courtship displays to attract females, inflating their throat sacs and strutting with fanned tail feathers.

Females lay a single egg (occasionally two) directly on the ground, usually in a slight depression among grasses or low vegetation. The egg is olive-brown with darker blotches, providing camouflage against predators.

Incubation lasts about 23-24 days and is carried out solely by the female. The chick is precocial, able to walk and feed itself shortly after hatching, but it remains under maternal care for several months.

Lifespan

Typical Lifespan Range 10 - 15 years
0
4
9
13
17

years

The Australian Bustard typically lives for 10 to 15 years.

Like all birds, lifespan can be affected by factors including predation, habitat quality, disease, and access to food sources.

Conservation and Status

Global Conservation Status

Least Concern [1]

While listed as Least Concern globally, the Australian Bustard has experienced local declines due to habitat loss, hunting, and predation by introduced species.

Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection and management, particularly in areas where agricultural expansion threatens their range.

Population Data

Global Population Estimate

6,700 - 67,000 mature individuals [2]

Global Population Trend

Decreasing[3]

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for bustards in open grasslands or lightly wooded areas, especially during early morning or late afternoon.
  • Listen for their deep, booming call during the breeding season.
  • Observe from a distance, as they are wary of human presence and may flee if approached too closely.
  • In Australia, check recently burned areas where they often forage for insects.

Additional Information

Quick Facts

Other names:

Plains Turkey, Bush Turkey

Family:

Otididae

Predators

Adult Australian Bustards have few natural predators due to their size, but eggs and chicks are vulnerable to dingoes, foxes, feral cats, and large birds of prey.

Did You Know?

  1. The Australian Bustard can go for long periods without drinking, obtaining most of its water from its food.
  2. It's one of the heaviest flying birds native to Australia, with some males weighing up to 12 kg.
  3. Indigenous Australians have long hunted the bustard, which features in their Dreamtime stories and rock art.

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FAQs

Can Australian Bustards fly?

Yes, Australian Bustards are the heaviest bird capable of flying in Australia, although they prefer to walk most of the time. If you are lucky enough to see one of these birds in flight, it can be an extremely fascinating sight.

Can you eat Australian Bustards?

These birds are still eaten today in parts of central Australia. They are an important source of food for Aboriginal people.

References

  1. 1 2 3

    website: BirdLife International. 2016. Ardeotis australis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691940A93330335.

    View source